L’auteur propose un modele d’analyse de l’activite des enseignants dont il illustre la pertinence a travers les resultats de quelques-unes de ses recherches. Le modele est cyclique : Institution, Personnel, Public sont les trois composantes d’entree et de sortie. L’activite de l’enseignant est consideree comme le resultat d’un compromis entre des rationalites multiples : les objectifs didactiques et pedagogiques des enseignants, leurs propres buts subjectifs, ainsi que les contraintes et les ressources de leur milieu de travail. L’analyse implique d’identifier les dimensions potentiellement antagonistes de cette activite et les compromis qui assurent sa coherence. Elle requiert aussi d’examiner la maniere dont les enseignants interpretent les prescriptions qui leur sont adressees et redefinissent les tâches qu’ils se donnent a eux-memes.

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L'école primaire française : étude sociologique

Un modèle d’analyse de l’activité des enseignants

Is there one global culture of schooling, or many? Are school systems around the world diverging from their original European sources, or are they converging toward a single model?1 This book opens a dialogue between two very different perspectives on schooling around the world. On the one hand, anthropologists and many scholars in comparative education emphasize national variation and, beyond that, variation from district to district and from classroom to classroom. From that point of view, the nearly 200 national school systems in the world today represent some 200 different and diverging cultures of schooling. On the other hand, sociology’s “institutionalists,” or world culture theorists, argue that not only has the model of modern mass education spread from a common source, but schools around the world are becoming more similar over time.2 According to world culture theory, rather than diverging, schools are converging toward a single global model.

A World Culture of Schooling

La multiplication des usages de la notion « d’informel » dans le champ de l’education contribue a l’opacification de ce qui est designe ou qualifie par ce terme aux connotations diverses, valorisees ou decriees. Cette note de synthese dresse une cartographie des usages de la notion a partir d’une recension des travaux de recherche francophones et anglophones utilisant le terme ou traitant de ce sujet. Ces travaux sont regroupes en trois domaines : les travaux rapportes a l’education dans les pays du Sud ; les approches relevant du domaine de la psychologie culturelle des apprentissages ; les travaux developpes dans le domaine de l’education et de la formation des adultes, tant dans le domaine du travail, que dans ceux du loisir et des pratiques d’autoformation. Chemin faisant, cet etat des lieux conduit a donner de la visibilite a la diversite des formes sociales d’apprentissage, au-dela des formes educatives instituees, et, en consequence a interroger les theories de l’apprentissage a partir de differentes notions telles que celles de forme educative, d’experience ou de participation.

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De l’usage de la notion d’informel dans le champ de l’éducation

The concern with the issue of school culture has arisen in the context of a turn taken by the works in the history of education and of an ever so fruitful confluence with the discipline of History, be it for the practice of gathering, organization and expansion of the documental mass of data to be used in the analyses, be it by the acceptance of legitimacy protocols from the historiographic narrative. The article represents a synthesis of the investigations that have been conducted by researchers, and intends to apprehend how school culture has been taken on board by the field of History of Brazilian Education as a category of analysis and as a topic of study. To such purpose, the paper is composed of three parts. The first part deals with the most commonly used definitions of school culture. Works by Dominique Julia, Andre Chervel, Jean-Claude Forquin and Antonio Vinao Frago are focused here in an attempt to establish similarities and differences between the ideas of the various authors. The dissemination of these texts in Brazil is also discussed in this first part. The second part of the article, without any intention of representing a complete bibliographic review or a comprehensive listing of titles and authors, draws attention to some of the dimensions of the Brazilian education reality, which the researchers have been trying to understand with the aid of the notion of school culture. Finally, the article points out some of the challenges that have to be faced in carrying on these studies and in strengthening the theoretical-methodological foundations of the studies that use the general framework discussed here.

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A cultura escolar como categoria de análise e como campo de investigação na história da educação brasileira

This article focuses on Bourdieu’s contribution to the analysis and transformation of the field of education. It shows that, when closely examined, Bourdieu’s writings on education reveal not only one but at least three competitive or complementary policy theories. There is a common principle to all of them, that is the invisibility of policy, which is embedded in the cognitive classifications and everyday activity of institutions. Nevertheless, while the first theory is strongly deterministic, the other two leave some room for political and pedagogical action. This article also shows that Bourdieu has exerted an important influence, both directly and indirectly, on collective representations and collective dynamics of educational politics and policy in France. This influence has lasted despite the extremely varied positions he took throughout his life and work on the relation between science and politics from strong reluctance to commit himself at the beginning of his career to academic radicalism at the...

/pdf/bourdieu-as-education-policy-analyst-and-expert-a-rich-but-3hnjp4w71z.pdf

L'école primaire française : étude sociologique

Citations

Un modèle d’analyse de l’activité des enseignants

A World Culture of Schooling

De l’usage de la notion d’informel dans le champ de l’éducation

A cultura escolar como categoria de análise e como campo de investigação na história da educação brasileira

Bourdieu as education policy analyst and expert: a rich but ambiguous legacy

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