Laccase is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase for lignin polymerization during vascular development in Arabidopsis.
Qiao Zhao,Jin Nakashima,Fang Chen,Yanbin Yin,Chunxiang Fu,Jianfei Yun,Hui Shao,Xiaoqiang Wang,Zeng-Yu Wang,Richard A. Dixon +9 more
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TLDR
Genome-wide transcript analysis revealed that all the putative lignin peroxidase genes are expressed at normal levels or even higher in the laccase triple mutant, suggesting that lign in laccases activity is necessary and nonredundant with peroxIDase activity for monolignol polymerization during plant vascular development.Abstract:
The evolution of lignin biosynthesis was critical in the transition of plants from an aquatic to an upright terrestrial lifestyle. Lignin is assembled by oxidative polymerization of two major monomers, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. Although two recently discovered laccases, LAC4 and LAC17, have been shown to play a role in lignin polymerization in Arabidopsis thaliana, disruption of both genes only leads to a relatively small change in lignin content and only under continuous illumination. Simultaneous disruption of LAC11 along with LAC4 and LAC17 causes severe plant growth arrest, narrower root diameter, indehiscent anthers, and vascular development arrest with lack of lignification. Genome-wide transcript analysis revealed that all the putative lignin peroxidase genes are expressed at normal levels or even higher in the laccase triple mutant, suggesting that lignin laccase activity is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase activity for monolignol polymerization during plant vascular development. Interestingly, even though lignin deposition in roots is almost completely abolished in the lac11 lac4 lac17 triple mutant, the Casparian strip, which is lignified through the activity of peroxidase, is still functional. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that lignin laccase genes have no orthologs in lower plant species, suggesting that the monolignol laccase genes diverged after the evolution of seed plants.read more
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Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis.
Roberto Rinaldi,Robin Jastrzebski,Matthew T. Clough,John Ralph,Marco Kennema,Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx,Bert M. Weckhuysen +6 more
TL;DR: This review provides a “beginning‐to‐end” analysis of the recent advances reported in lignin valorisation, with particular emphasis on the improved understanding of lign in's biosynthesis and structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignins: Biosynthesis and Biological Functions in Plants
Qingquan Liu,Le Luo,Luqing Zheng +2 more
TL;DR: It is hoped this review will give an in-depth understanding of the important roles of lignin biosynthesis in various plants’ biological processes and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of lIGNin content and composition in energy plants and crops.
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The cell biology of lignification in higher plants
TL;DR: The different roles of lignin for the function of each specific plant cell type are clearly illustrated by the multiple phenotypic defects exhibited by knock-out mutants in lignIn synthesis, which may explain why no general mechanism for lignification has yet been defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions.
TL;DR: Recent progress on elucidating the contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to the coordination of plant development and plant-environment interaction, and metabolic flux redirection among diverse metabolic routes are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary Cell Walls: Biosynthesis, Patterned Deposition and Transcriptional Regulation
Ruiqin Zhong,Zheng-Hua Ye +1 more
TL;DR: Most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components, including cellulose, xylan, glucomannan and lignin, have been identified and their co-ordinated activation has been shown to be mediated by a transcriptional network encompassing the secondary wall NAC and MYB master switches and their downstream transcription factors.
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