Book•
Landfill bioreactor design and operation
23 Sep 1997-
TL;DR: This book discusses the evolution of landfills for Waste Management Landfills as Bioreactors as well as the design of Landfill Treatment and Reclamation Strategies, and some of the strategies used to achieve this goal.
Abstract: Introduction Scope and Objectives The Evolution of Landfills for Waste Management Landfills as Bioreactors Regulatory Status Organization of the Book Modern Landfill Fundamentals Introduction Overview of Modern Sanitary Landfills Landfill Containment Systems Collection and Control of Leachate Leachate Collection and Storage Leachate and Gas Management at MSW Landfills Landfill Operation Strategies Landfill Bioreactor Studies Laboratory Scale Studies Pilot-Scale Bioreactor Studies Full-Scale Landfill Bioreactor Studies Summary Full-Scale Experiences with Bioreactor Landfills - Case Studies Introduction Southwest Landfill, Alachua County, Florida Central Facility Landfill, Worcester County, Maryland Winfield Landfill, Columbia County, Florida Pecan Row Landfill, Lowndes County, Georgia Lower Mount Washington Valley Secure Landfill, Conway, New Hamshire Coastal Regional Solid Waste Management Authority Landfill, Craven County, North Carolina Lemons Landfill, Stoddard County, Missouri Mill Seat Landfill, Monroe County, New York Yolo County Landfill, California Additional Full-Scale Efforts The Hydrodynamics of Leachate Recirculating Landfills Introduction Leachate Generation Moisture Movement Unsaturated Leachate Flow Mathematical Modeling of Leachate Recirculation Leachate Recirculation Field Testing The Impact of Leachate Recirculation of Leachate and Gas Characteristics Introduction Leachate Characteristics of Recirculating Landfills Leachate Treatment Implications Leachate Quantities Gas Production Landfill Bioreactor Design Introduction Liner/Leachate Collection System Leachate Storage Leachate Reintroduction Systems Leachate Recirculation System Design Final and Intermediate Caps Gas Collection Cell Construction Construction Costs Summary Landfill Bioreactor Operation Introduction Waste Characterization Oxidation Reduction Conditions Moisture Content Recirculation Strategies Effects of Waste Placement Rate Use of Old Cells Bioreactor Augmentation Daily and Intermediate Covers Settlement Monitoring When is the Waste Stable? Materials Recovery and Reuse from Bioreactor Landfills Introduction Landfill Treatment and Reclamation Strategies Mass Balance Design for Landfill Reclamation Methods of Landfill Reclamation Previous Experience with Landfill Reclamation Use of Reclaimed Materials Future Directions for Bioreactor Landfills References Index
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TL;DR: Although landfill CH 4 emissions from developed countries have been largely stabilized, emissions from developing countries are increasing as more controlled (anaerobic) landfilling practices are implemented; these emissions could be reduced by accelerating the introduction of engineered gas recovery, increasing rates of waste minimization and recycling, and implementing alternative waste management strategies provided they are affordable, effective, and sustainable.
394 citations
TL;DR: Analysis and optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and its role in bioreactor landfills.
Abstract: 1.Fundamentals of the anaerobic digestion process 2.Reactor sizing, process kinetics, and modelling of anaerobic digestionof complex waste 3.Analysis and optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of the organicfraction of municipal solid waste 4.Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste:a perspective 5.Types of anaerobic digester for solid wastes 6.Characteristics of the OFMSW and behaviour of the anaerobic digestionprocess 7.Co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal waste with otherwaste types 8.Pretreatments for the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of solidwastes 9.Use of hydrolysis products of the OFMSW for biological nutrientremoval in wastewater treatment plants 10.Products, impacts and economy of anaerobic digestion of OFMSW 11.Anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste in bioreactor landfills
368 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of landfill conditions such as construction, geometry, weather, temperature, moisture, pH, biodegradable matter and hydrogeological parameters on the generation of landfill gases and leachate is reviewed.
Abstract: The USA, China and India are the top three producers of municipal solid waste. The composition of solid wastes varies with income: low-to-middle-income population generates mainly organic wastes, whereas high-income population produces more waste paper, metals and glasses. Management of municipal solid waste includes recycling, incineration, waste-to-energy conversion, composting or landfilling. Landfilling for solid waste disposal is preferred in many municipalities globally. Landfill sites act as ecological reactors where wastes undergo physical, chemical and biological transformations. Hence, critical factors for sustainable landfilling are landfill liners, the thickness of the soil cover, leachate collection, landfill gas recovery and flaring facilities. Here, we review the impact of landfill conditions such as construction, geometry, weather, temperature, moisture, pH, biodegradable matter and hydrogeological parameters on the generation of landfill gases and leachate. Bioreactor landfills appear as the next-generation sanitary landfills, because they augment solid waste stabilization in a time-efficient manner, as a result of controlled recirculation of leachate and gases. We discuss volume reduction, resource recovery, valorization of dumped wastes, environmental protection and site reclamation toward urban development. We present the classifications and engineered iterations of landfills, operations, mechanisms and mining.
271 citations
TL;DR: Analyzing bioreactor and recirculation landfills in North America indicated that more detailed data collection over longer time periods is needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effects of biore Actor and Recirculation operations.
265 citations
Cites background from "Landfill bioreactor design and oper..."
...Over the last two decades there have been a variety of reports of specific aspects of the bioreactor process (Townsend et al., 1996; Reinhart and Townsend, 1997; Pohland and Kim, 1999; Knox et al., 1999; El-Fadel et al., 1999; Mehta et al., 2002)....
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...In addition to long-term risk reduction, there are several advantages to bioreactor landfills (Barlaz et al., 1990; Reinhart and Townsend, 1997; Pohland and Kim, 1999)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of various existing leachate treatments discussed under the items: (i) Leachate channeling (combined treatment with domestic sewage, recycling) (ii) Biological processing (aerobic and anaerobic) (iii) Chemical/physical treatment (flotation, coagulation/flocculation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, ammonium stripping, chemical oxidation, ion exchange and electrochemical treatment) (iv) Membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis).
Abstract: Problem Statement: Sanitary landfilling is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes. An important problem associated to landfills is the production of leachates. This study is a review of landfill leachate treatments. Approach: The advantages and disadvantages of the various existing leachate treatments discussed under the items: (i) Leachate channeling (combined treatment with domestic sewage, recycling) (ii) Biological processing (aerobic and anaerobic) (iii) Chemical/physical treatment (flotation, coagulation/flocculation, chemical precipitation, adsorption, ammonium stripping, chemical oxidation, ion exchange and electrochemical treatment) (iv) Membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis). Conclusion: The major fraction of old or biologically treated leachate was large recalcitrant organic molecules that are not easy removed during biological treatment. So that, in order to meet strict quality standards for direct discharge of leachate into the surface water, a development of integrated methods of treatment, a combination of biological, chemical, physical and membrane process steps, were required. Today, the use of membrane technologies, more especially Reverse Osmosis (RO), either as a main step in a landfill leachate treatment chain or as single post-treatment step had shown to be an indispensable means of achieving purification.
250 citations