Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: Towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain

doi:10.1016/J.CONB.2012.12.012

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Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: Towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain

Journal Article•DOI•

Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: Towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain

Lisa Feldman Barrett¹, Ajay B. Satpute²•Institutions (2)

Harvard University¹, Northeastern University²

01 Jun 2013-Current Opinion in Neurobiology (Elsevier Current Trends)-Vol. 23, Iss: 3, pp 361-372

TL;DR: It is argued that the emerging science of large-scale intrinsic brain networks provides a coherent framework for a domain-general functional architecture of the human brain.

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About: This article is published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology.The article was published on 2013-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 495 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Functional neuroimaging & Social neuroscience.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Network hubs in the human brain

[...]

Martijn P. van den Heuvel¹, Olaf Sporns²•Institutions (2)

Utrecht University¹, Indiana University²

01 Dec 2013-Trends in Cognitive Sciences

TL;DR: Combining data from numerous empirical and computational studies, network approaches strongly suggest that brain hubs play important roles in information integration underpinning numerous aspects of complex cognitive function.

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1,760 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex from Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI

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Alexander Schaefer¹, Ru Kong¹, Evan M. Gordon, Timothy O. Laumann², Xi-Nian Zuo³, Avram J. Holmes⁴, Simon B. Eickhoff⁵, B.T. Thomas Yeo⁶, B.T. Thomas Yeo¹ - Show less +5 more•Institutions (6)

National University of Singapore¹, Washington University in St. Louis², Chinese Academy of Sciences³, Yale University⁴, University of Düsseldorf⁵, Harvard University⁶

01 Sep 2018-Cerebral Cortex

TL;DR: The results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data.

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Abstract: A central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological "atoms". Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility of in vivo human cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on 1 of 2 approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here, we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than 4 previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured subareal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multiresolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are publicly available (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Schaefer2018_LocalGlobal).

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1,567 citations

Cites background from "Large-scale brain networks in affec..."

...Even if the task manipulation manages to elicit a single cognitive process, this cognitive process could be implemented across numerous cortical areas (Poldrack 2006; Barrett and Satpute 2013; Yeo et al. 2015a)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Interoceptive predictions in the brain

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Lisa Feldman Barrett¹, W. Kyle Simmons²•Institutions (2)

Harvard University¹, McGovern Institute for Brain Research²

01 Jul 2015-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: The Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding model is introduced, which integrates an anatomical model of corticocortical connections with Bayesian active inference principles, to propose that agranular visceromotor cortices contribute to interoception by issuing interoceptive predictions.

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Abstract: Intuition suggests that perception follows sensation and therefore bodily feelings originate in the body. However, recent evidence goes against this logic: interoceptive experience may largely reflect limbic predictions about the expected state of the body that are constrained by ascending visceral sensations. In this Opinion article, we introduce the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding model, which integrates an anatomical model of corticocortical connections with Bayesian active inference principles, to propose that agranular visceromotor cortices contribute to interoception by issuing interoceptive predictions. We then discuss how disruptions in interoceptive predictions could function as a common vulnerability for mental and physical illness.

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996 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization.

[...]

Lisa Feldman Barrett¹, Lisa Feldman Barrett²•Institutions (2)

Northeastern University¹, Harvard University²

19 Oct 2016-Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

TL;DR: This article begins with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be, and concludes that the answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.

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Abstract: The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research have brought us to the brink of a paradigm shift in understanding the workings of the brain, however, setting the stage to revolutionize our understanding of what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be. The answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.

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771 citations

Cites background from "Large-scale brain networks in affec..."

...As a consequence, neurons are multipurpose [for evidence and discussion, see (Barrett and Satpute, 2013; Anderson, 2014; Anderson and Finlay, 2014)], even in subcortical regions like the amygdala (Cerf, personal communication, 30 July 2015).2 When the brain is viewed as a massive network, rather…...
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...…reuse: Mapping one neural assembly to many emotion categories Human neuroimaging: intrinsic connectivity data (Wilson-Mendenhall et al., 2011; Barrett and Satpute, 2013; Touroutoglou et al., 2015) Neural reuse: Mapping one neural assembly to many emotion categories Optogenetic research and…...
[...]
...As a consequence, neurons are multipurpose [for evidence and discussion, see (Barrett and Satpute, 2013; Anderson, 2014; Anderson and Finlay, 2014)], even in subcortical regions like the amygdala (Cerf, personal communication, 30 July 2015)....
[...]
...Human neuroimaging: intrinsic connectivity data (Barrett and Satpute, 2013; Touroutoglou et al., 2015)...
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...…a common framework for understanding mental, physical, and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Barrett and Simmons, 2015; Barrett, Quigley & Hamilton, 2016; Barrett, 2017), and collapses the artificial boundaries between cognitive, affective, and social neurosciences (see Barrett & Satpute, 2013)....
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Posted Content•DOI•

Local-Global Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex From Intrinsic Functional Connectivity MRI

[...]

Alexander Schaefer¹, Ru Kong¹, Evan M. Gordon, Timothy O. Laumann², Xi-Nian Zuo³, Avram J. Holmes⁴, Simon B. Eickhoff⁵, B.T. Thomas Yeo¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (5)

National University of Singapore¹, Washington University in St. Louis², Chinese Academy of Sciences³, Yale University⁴, University of Düsseldorf⁵

06 Jun 2017-bioRxiv

...read moreread less

Abstract: A central goal in systems neuroscience is the parcellation of the cerebral cortex into discrete neurobiological “atoms”. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the possibility of in-vivo human cortical parcellation. Almost all previous parcellations relied on one of two approaches. The local gradient approach detects abrupt transitions in functional connectivity patterns. These transitions potentially reflect cortical areal boundaries defined by histology or visuotopic fMRI. By contrast, the global similarity approach clusters similar functional connectivity patterns regardless of spatial proximity, resulting in parcels with homogeneous (similar) rs-fMRI signals. Here we propose a gradient-weighted Markov Random Field (gwMRF) model integrating local gradient and global similarity approaches. Using task-fMRI and rs-fMRI across diverse acquisition protocols, we found gwMRF parcellations to be more homogeneous than four previously published parcellations. Furthermore, gwMRF parcellations agreed with the boundaries of certain cortical areas defined using histology and visuotopic fMRI. Some parcels captured sub-areal (somatotopic and visuotopic) features that likely reflect distinct computational units within known cortical areas. These results suggest that gwMRF parcellations reveal neurobiologically meaningful features of brain organization and are potentially useful for future applications requiring dimensionality reduction of voxel-wise fMRI data. Multi-resolution parcellations generated from 1489 participants are available at FREESURFER_WIKI LINK_TO_BE_ADDED.

...read moreread less

698 citations

Cites background from "Large-scale brain networks in affec..."

...Even if the task manipulation manages to elicit a single cognitive process, this cognitive process could be implemented across numerous cortical areas (Poldrack 2006; Barrett and Satpute 2013; Yeo et al. 2015a)....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

The Brain's Default Network Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease

[...]

Randy L. Buckner, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna¹, Daniel L. Schacter¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

01 Mar 2008-Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

TL;DR: Past observations are synthesized to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment, and for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.

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Abstract: Thirty years of brain imaging research has converged to define the brain’s default network—a novel and only recently appreciated brain system that participates in internal modes of cognition Here we synthesize past observations to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment Analysis of connectional anatomy in the monkey supports the presence of an interconnected brain system Providing insight into function, the default network is active when individuals are engaged in internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others Probing the functional anatomy of the network in detail reveals that it is best understood as multiple interacting subsystems The medial temporal lobe subsystem provides information from prior experiences in the form of memories and associations that are the building blocks of mental simulation The medial prefrontal subsystem facilitates the flexible use of this information during the construction of self-relevant mental simulations These two subsystems converge on important nodes of integration including the posterior cingulate cortex The implications of these functional and anatomical observations are discussed in relation to possible adaptive roles of the default network for using past experiences to plan for the future, navigate social interactions, and maximize the utility of moments when we are not otherwise engaged by the external world We conclude by discussing the relevance of the default network for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease

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8,448 citations

"Large-scale brain networks in affec..." refers background or result in this paper

...Just as with the ‘salience’ network, a variety of functions have been attributed to the ‘mentalizing’ network (see [47 ,50]), but it is possible that the network is performing one basic function across social, affective, and cognitive domains....
[...]
...For example, during emotional states, activity consistently increases within the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus regions — key nodes within the brain’s ‘mentalizing’ network [46], also referred to as the ‘default mode’ network [47 ]; this network routinely and robustly engaged when remembering personal events (autobiographical memory), when imagining the future (prospection), during moral cognition and reasoning, when accessing memory for word meanings (semantic memory), during scene construction and context-based object perception [47 ,48,49 ,50] and during instances of social affiliation (discussed in [27 ])....
[...]
...Moreover, autobiographical memory (which routinely engages the ‘mentalizing’ network; [50,79]) has been discussed as a precondition for mental states that create a sense of self [80]....
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...It is also consistent with the hypothesis that the ‘mentalizing’ network constructs mental models or simulations that facilitate future behavior [50]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The mirror-neuron system.

[...]

Giacomo Rizzolatti¹, Laila Craighero²•Institutions (2)

University of Parma¹, University of Ferrara²

01 Jan 2004-Annual Review of Neuroscience

TL;DR: A neurophysiological mechanism appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation, and those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation are stressed.

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Abstract: A category of stimuli of great importance for primates, humans in particular, is that formed by actions done by other individuals. If we want to survive, we must understand the actions of others. Furthermore, without action understanding, social organization is impossible. In the case of humans, there is another faculty that depends on the observation of others' actions: imitation learning. Unlike most species, we are able to learn by imitation, and this faculty is at the basis of human culture. In this review we present data on a neurophysiological mechanism--the mirror-neuron mechanism--that appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation. We describe first the functional properties of mirror neurons in monkeys. We review next the characteristics of the mirror-neuron system in humans. We stress, in particular, those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation. We conclude by discussing the relationship between the mirror-neuron system and language.

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6,747 citations

"Large-scale brain networks in affec..." refers background in this paper

...Some authors [63] also posit a ‘limbic mirror system’ that they believe is devoted to perceiving affective behavior, but the regions of this network largely overlap with the ‘salience’ network....
[...]
...ripping a piece of paper, grasping a pair of scissors) and when perceiving another person perform the same action [[62 ,63], but see [67]]....
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...Several meta-analyses [60 ,61 ] indicate that studies of person perception consistently report increased activation in regions comprising the ‘mentalizing’ network mentioned above, and in a ‘mirroring’ network, (which shows an increase in activation when a person is detecting the goal-directed, voluntary movement of body parts, and includes the premotor cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and inferior parietal lobule; [62 ,63]) (see note in Table 1)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity

[...]

B.T. Thomas Yeo¹, Fenna M. Krienen¹, Jorge Sepulcre², Jorge Sepulcre¹, Mert R. Sabuncu³, Mert R. Sabuncu¹, Danial Lashkari³, Marisa O. Hollinshead¹, Marisa O. Hollinshead², Joshua L. Roffman¹, Jordan W. Smoller¹, Lilla Zöllei¹, Jonathan R. Polimeni¹, Bruce Fischl³, Bruce Fischl¹, Hesheng Liu¹, Randy L. Buckner - Show less +13 more•Institutions (3)

Harvard University¹, Howard Hughes Medical Institute², Massachusetts Institute of Technology³

01 Sep 2011-Journal of Neurophysiology

TL;DR: In this paper, the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI data from 1,000 subjects and a clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex.

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Abstract: Information processing in the cerebral cortex involves interactions among distributed areas. Anatomical connectivity suggests that certain areas form local hierarchical relations such as within the visual system. Other connectivity patterns, particularly among association areas, suggest the presence of large-scale circuits without clear hierarchical relations. In this study the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Data from 1,000 subjects were registered using surface-based alignment. A clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex. The results revealed local networks confined to sensory and motor cortices as well as distributed networks of association regions. Within the sensory and motor cortices, functional connectivity followed topographic representations across adjacent areas. In association cortex, the connectivity patterns often showed abrupt transitions between network boundaries. Focused analyses were performed to better understand properties of network connectivity. A canonical sensory-motor pathway involving primary visual area, putative middle temporal area complex (MT+), lateral intraparietal area, and frontal eye field was analyzed to explore how interactions might arise within and between networks. Results showed that adjacent regions of the MT+ complex demonstrate differential connectivity consistent with a hierarchical pathway that spans networks. The functional connectivity of parietal and prefrontal association cortices was next explored. Distinct connectivity profiles of neighboring regions suggest they participate in distributed networks that, while showing evidence for interactions, are embedded within largely parallel, interdigitated circuits. We conclude by discussing the organization of these large-scale cerebral networks in relation to monkey anatomy and their potential evolutionary expansion in humans to support cognition.

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6,284 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Dissociable Intrinsic Connectivity Networks for Salience Processing and Executive Control

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William W. Seeley¹, Vinod Menon, Alan F. Schatzberg, Jennifer Keller, Gary H. Glover, Heather A. Kenna, Allan L. Reiss, Michael D. Greicius² - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

University of California, San Francisco¹, Stanford University²

28 Feb 2007-The Journal of Neuroscience

TL;DR: Two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks are identified, anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an “executive-control network” that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices.

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Abstract: Variations in neural circuitry, inherited or acquired, may underlie important individual differences in thought, feeling, and action patterns. Here, we used task-free connectivity analyses to isolate and characterize two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks. We identified a "salience network," anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an "executive-control network" that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices. These intrinsic connectivity networks showed dissociable correlations with functions measured outside the scanner. Prescan anxiety ratings correlated with intrinsic functional connectivity of the dACC node of the salience network, but with no region in the executive-control network, whereas executive task performance correlated with lateral parietal nodes of the executive-control network, but with no region in the salience network. Our findings suggest that task-free analysis of intrinsic connectivity networks may help elucidate the neural architectures that support fundamental aspects of human behavior.

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6,049 citations

"Large-scale brain networks in affec..." refers background in this paper

...In addition, our emotion meta-analysis revealed consistent increases of activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is a key node within ‘central executive’ and ‘language’ networks [16,17,51]....
[...]
...Instead, the most reliable sources of activation during states of anger, sadness, fear, and disgust (as obtained from meta-analytic results) each produced a discovery map whose spatial overlap yielded the intrinsic network referred to as the ‘salience’ network [16] or the ventral attention network [17,18] (see Box 2)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness.

[...]

A.D. (Bud) Craig¹•Institutions (1)

Barrow Neurological Institute¹

01 Jan 2009-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness.

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Abstract: The anterior insular cortex (AIC) is implicated in a wide range of conditions and behaviours, from bowel distension and orgasm, to cigarette craving and maternal love, to decision making and sudden insight. Its function in the re-representation of interoception offers one possible basis for its involvement in all subjective feelings. New findings suggest a fundamental role for the AIC (and the von Economo neurons it contains) in awareness, and thus it needs to be considered as a potential neural correlate of consciousness.

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5,279 citations