Large-Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy with KASCADE
TL;DR: In this article, the results of an analysis of the large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays in the PeV range were presented, and the Rayleigh formalism was applied to the right ascension distribution of extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE (Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector) experiment.
Abstract: We present the results of an analysis of the large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays in the PeV range. The Rayleigh formalism is applied to the right ascension distribution of extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE (Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector) experiment. The data set contains about 108 extensive air showers in the energy range 0.7-6 PeV. No hints of anisotropy are visible in the right ascension distributions in this energy range. This accounts for all showers, as well as for subsets containing showers induced by predominantly light or heavy primary particles, respectively. Upper flux limits for Rayleigh amplitudes are determined to be between 10-3 at a primary energy of 0.7 PeV and 10-2 at 6 PeV.
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TL;DR: In this article, a measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum with the IceTop air shower array, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is reported.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of large-scale anisotropy of the high-energy cosmic ray distribution in a search for the heavy decaying dark matter (DM) signal was examined.
Abstract: We examine the role of the large-scale anisotropy of the high-energy cosmic ray distribution in a search for the heavy decaying dark matter (DM) signal. Using recent anisotropy measurements from the extensive air shower (EAS) observatories, we constrain the lifetime of the DM particles with masses 107 ≤ M
X
≤ 1016 GeV. These constraints appear to be weaker than that obtained with the high-energy gamma-ray limits. We also estimate the desired precision level for the anisotropy measurements to discern the decaying DM signal marginally allowed by the gamma-ray limits and discuss the prospects of the DM search with the modern EAS facilities.
24 citations
TL;DR: Gamma-ray observations have been pushing forward our understanding of the life cycle of cosmic rays in galaxies and, combined with advances in related domains, they have been challenging standard assumptions in the field and have spurred new developments in modelling approaches and data analysis methods as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Continuum gamma-ray emission produced by interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar matter and radiation fields is a probe of non-thermal particle populations in galaxies. After decades of continuous improvements in experimental techniques and an ever-increasing sky and energy coverage, gamma-ray observations reveal in unprecedented detail the properties of galactic cosmic rays. A variety of scales and environments are now accessible to us, from the local interstellar medium near the Sun and the vicinity of cosmic-ray accelerators, out to the Milky Way at large and beyond, with a growing number of gamma-ray emitting star-forming galaxies. Gamma-ray observations have been pushing forward our understanding of the life cycle of cosmic rays in galaxies and, combined with advances in related domains, they have been challenging standard assumptions in the field and have spurred new developments in modelling approaches and data analysis methods. We provide a review of the status of the subject and discuss perspectives on future progress.
23 citations
01 Apr 2008-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The origin of galactic cosmic rays is one of the most interesting unsolved problems in astroparticle physics as mentioned in this paper, and the problem is attacked by a multi-disciplinary effort, namely by direct measurements of cosmic rays above the atmosphere, by air shower observations, and by the detection of TeV γ rays.
Abstract: The origin of galactic cosmic rays is one of the most interesting unsolved problems in astroparticle physics. Experimentally, the problem is attacked by a multi-disciplinary effort, namely by direct measurements of cosmic rays above the atmosphere, by air shower observations, and by the detection of TeV γ rays. Recent experimental results are presented and their implications on the contemporary understanding of the origin of galactic cosmic rays are discussed.
21 citations
13 Oct 2011
TL;DR: A review of the main properties of the charged component of galactic cosmic rays, particles detected at Earth with an energy spanning from tens of MeV up to about 10^19 eV, is given in this paper.
Abstract: A review is given of the main properties of the charged component of galactic cosmic rays, particles detected at Earth with an energy spanning from tens of MeV up to about 10^19 eV. After a short introduction to the topic and an historical overview, the properties of cosmic rays are discussed with respect to different energy ranges. The origin and the propagation of nuclei in the Galaxy are dealt with from a theoretical point of view. The mechanisms leading to the acceleration of nuclei by supernova remnants and to their subsequent diffusion through the inhomogeneities of the galactic magnetic field are discussed and some clue is given on the predictions and observations of fluxes of antimatter, both from astrophysical sources and from dark matter annihilation in the galactic halo. The experimental techniques and instrumentations employed for the detection of cosmic rays at Earth are described. Direct methods are viable up to 10^14 eV, by means of experiments flown on balloons or satellites, while above that energy, due to their very low flux, cosmic rays can be studied only indirectly by exploiting the particle cascades they produce in the atmosphere. The possible physical interpretation of the peculiar features observed in the energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays, and in particular the so-called "knee" at about 4x10^15 eV, are discussed. A section is devoted to the region between about 10^18 and 10^19 eV, which is believed to host the transition between galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. The conclusion gives some perspectives on the cosmic ray astrophysics field. Thanks to a wealth of different experiments, this research area is living a very flourishing era. The activity is exciting both from the theoretical and the instrumental sides, and its interconnection with astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics experiences non-stop growth.
20 citations
References
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30 Apr 1998TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of the information seeking and use models for professionals, essentially, the information access practices, is discussed. But two main categories can be distinguished : the informationseeking and use model versus the information retrieval model, and we will evaluate them in order to see if a convergence is possible with the same vocabulary and procedures.
Abstract: This study concerns the evolution of the information seeking and use models for professionals essentially, the information access practices. Coming from Anglo-Saxon literature, this new information science research trend, evolve with paradigms and different information seeking and use models have emerged, in order to explain how professional seeks information and what can be done in order to help them. Two main categories can be distinguished : the information seeking and use model versus the information retrieval model. So we will present today this diversity of models and we will evaluate them in order to see if a convergence is possible with the same vocabulary and procedures.
1,294 citations
"Large-Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy w..." refers methods in this paper
...The EASs are simulated utilizing the CORSIKA package ( Heck et al. 1998 )....
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...The extensive air showers are simulated utilising the CORSIKA package (Heck et al. 1998)....
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01 Feb 1997
TL;DR: The reliability of model calculations is of considerable significance because at energies above those attained by accelerators only model predictions enable us to extract primary cosmic ray characteristics as discussed by the authors, which is of particular relevance in the case of EAS simulations.
Abstract: The reliability of model calculations is of considerable significance because at energies above those attained by accelerators only model predictions enable us to extract primary cosmic ray characteristics. Different phenomenological models based on the quark-gluon picture of hadron interactions are of use now as a foundation for experimental data analysis at energies > 10 15 eV. In this paper we consider the present status of quark-gluon string (QGS) model with allowance made for semihard processes and (in the framework of so advanced model) discuss experimental data obtained at energies 10 15 ÷ 10 19 eV. In doing so we assume mass composition following from the diffusion notions of cosmic ray propagation through the Galaxy. Some general problems of EAS simulation and among them the simulation of electron-photon cascades are also discussed.
515 citations
11 Nov 2003-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The KASCADE experiment as mentioned in this paper was designed to measure air showers of primary cosmic-ray energies in the PeV region and to investigate the knee phenomenon in the all-particle energy spectrum.
Abstract: KASCADE has been designed to measure air showers of primary cosmic-ray energies in the PeV region and to investigate the knee phenomenon in the all-particle energy spectrum. Several observations are measured simultaneously for each event by different detector systems. The experiment started to take data in 1996 and has been completed and extended since then. The individual detector systems and their performances are described. Also, the experience in long-term operation of the experiment and the interplay between different components is outlined.
333 citations
"Large-Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy w..." refers background in this paper
...KASCADE measures the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic components of air showers with three major detector systems: a large field array, a muon tracking detector, and a central detector (T. Antoni et al. 2003a)....
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...…electron number Ne and the truncated muon number Nµ,tr are zenith angle corrected to Θ = 0◦ using the attenuation law: N0e = Ne · exp (X0/Λe(secΘ− 1)) (5) N0µ,tr = Nµ,tr · exp (X0/Λµ,tr(secΘ− 1)) (6) with the attenuation lengths ΛNe = 175 g/cm 2 and ΛNµ,tr = 823 g/cm 2 (Antoni et al. 2003b)....
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01 Jan 1985
149 citations
"Large-Scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy w..." refers methods in this paper
...The transformation matrix is determined from CORSIKA simulations using the hadronic interaction models QGSJET and GHEISHA....
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...The QGSJet-model (Kalmykov, Ostapchenko, & Pavlov 1997) is used for hadronic interactions above ELab > 80 GeV, GHEISHA (Fesefeldt 1985) for interactions below this energy....
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