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Journal Article

Larval settlement of soft-sediment invertebrates: the spatial scales of pattern explained by active habitat selection and the emerging rôle of hydrodynamical processes

01 Jan 1987-Oceanography and Marine Biology (CRC Press)-Vol. 25, pp 113-165
About: This article is published in Oceanography and Marine Biology.The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 693 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Settlement (structural).
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1992-Ecology
TL;DR: The second volume in a series on terrestrial and marine comparisons focusing on the temporal complement of the earlier spatial analysis of patchiness and pattern was published by Levin et al..
Abstract: This book is the second of two volumes in a series on terrestrial and marine comparisons, focusing on the temporal complement of the earlier spatial analysis of patchiness and pattern (Levin et al. 1993). The issue of the relationships among pattern, scale, and patchiness has been framed forcefully in John Steele’s writings of two decades (e.g., Steele 1978). There is no pattern without an observational frame. In the words of Nietzsche, “There are no facts… only interpretations.”

5,833 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Parts of the epibiosis/antifouling complex are illustrated and the omnipresence of fouling pressure, the first stages in the establishment of a fouling community, the benefits and disadvantages of epibiotic for both epiand basibionts, and possible anbfouling defense adaptations are discussed.
Abstract: In the marine environment any solid, exposed undefended surface will become fouled. Similarly, fouling may effect numerous species which are able to tolerate a certain degree of epibiosis. In contrast, many others actively maintain t h e ~ r body surface clean of epibionts ('antifouling'). This paper illustrates aspects of the epibiosis/antifouling complex and discusses the omnipresence of fouling pressure, the first stages in the establishment of a fouhng community, the benefits and disadvantages of epibiosis for both epiand basibionts, and possible anbfouling defense adaptations.

1,122 citations


Cites background from "Larval settlement of soft-sediment ..."

  • ...- Epibiotic settlement frequently implies a hydro- dynamically favorable position (Linskens 1963a, Keough 1984, 1986, Oswald & Seed 1986) as water movement increases with distance away from a solid surface (Butman 1987)....

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  • ...In the course of this sequence the prevailing processes change progressively from purely physical to predominantly biological - even though the influence of near-bottom hydrodynamics, for example, can be important at the level of larval settlement (Butman 1987)....

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  • ...…(1973), Crisp (1974), Sutherland (1974), Jackson (1977), Osman (1977), Sutherland & Karlson (1977), Characklis (1981), Evans (1981), Kirchman & Mitchell (l981), Brewer (1984), Costlow & Tipper (1984), Fletcher & Baier (1984), Fletcher et al. (1984), Morse (1984), Hadfield (1986), Butman (1987)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although numerous seaweed characteristics can deter some herbivores, the effects of morphology and chemistry have been studied most thoroughly and these types of seaweeds may be considered herbivore tolerant.
Abstract: Herbivory has a profound effect on seaweeds in both temperate and tropical communities (11, 17, 21, 33, 43, 47, 80, 124). This is especially true on coral reefs where 60-97% (11, 42) of the total seaweed production may be removed by herbivores. To persist in marine communities, seaweeds must escape, deter, or tolerate herbivory. The ecological and evolutionary importance of spatial and temporal escapes has been extensively studied for seaweeds and adequately reviewed in the recent literature (33, 45, 47, 71, 80). The ability of seaweeds to tolerate herbivory has received limited attention. On coral reefs, rapidly growing filamentous algae are heavily grazed, but the algae quickly replace these losses and appear to be dependent upon herbivores to prevent their habitat from being overgrown by larger but less herbivoretolerant species (11, 71). Additionally, several seaweeds have spores or vegetative portions that can withstand gut passage; in some cases this significantly increases the growth rates of the newly settled spores (6, 122). These types of seaweeds may be considered herbivore tolerant. Although numerous seaweed characteristics can deter some herbivores, the effects of morphology and chemistry have been studied most thoroughly. The

722 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How new findings are motivating paradigm shifts concerning life-history consequences, the openness of marine populations, self-recruitment, and population connectivity are considered are considered, as well as the role of behavior and the significance of variability in space and time are considered.
Abstract: Larvae have been difficult to study because their small size limits our ability to understand their behavior and the conditions they experience. Questions about larval transport focus largely on (a) where they go [dispersal] and (b) where they come from [connectivity]. Mechanisms of transport have been intensively studied in recent decades. As our ability to identify larval sources develops, the consequences of connectivity are garnering more consideration. Attention to transport and connectivity issues has increased dramatically in the past decade, fueled by changing motivations that now include management of fisheries resources, understanding of the spread of invasive species, conservation through the design of marine reserves, and prediction of climate-change effects. Current progress involves both technological advances and the integration of disciplines and approaches. This review focuses on insights gained from physical modeling, chemical tracking, and genetic approaches. I consider how new findings are motivating paradigm shifts concerning (1) life-history consequences; (2) the openness of marine populations, self-recruitment, and population connectivity; (3) the role of behavior; and (4) the significance of variability in space and time. A challenge for the future will be to integrate methods that address dispersal on short (intragenerational) timescales such as elemental fingerprinting and numerical simulations with those that reflect longer timescales such as gene flow estimates and demographic modeling. Recognition and treatment of the continuum between ecological and evolutionary timescales will be necessary to advance the mechanistic understanding of larval and population dynamics.

702 citations


Cites background from "Larval settlement of soft-sediment ..."

  • ...Behavior was considered important mainly as larvae approached the seabed to settle (Butman 1987)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pearly mussel research has begun to benefit from and contribute to current ideas about suspension feeding, life-history theory, metapopulations, flow refuges, spatial patterning and its effects, and management of endangered species.
Abstract: Pearly mussels (Unionacea) are widespread, abundant, and important in freshwater ecosystems around the world. Catastrophic declines in pearly mussel populations in North America and other parts of the world have led to a flurry of research on mussel biology, ecology, and conservation. Recent research on mussel feeding, life history, spatial patterning, and declines has augmented, modified, or overturned long-held ideas about the ecology of these animals. Pearly mussel research has begun to benefit from and contribute to current ideas about suspension feeding, life-history theory, metapopulations, flow refuges, spatial patterning and its effects, and management of endangered species. At the same time, significant gaps in understanding and apparent paradoxes in pearly mussel ecology have been exposed. To conserve remaining mussel populations, scientists and managers must simultaneously and aggressively pursue both rigorous research and conservation actions.

614 citations