Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoes
TL;DR: The neem oil formulation was found effective in controlling mosquito larvae in different breeding sites under natural field conditions and may prove to be an effective and eco-friendly larvicide, which could be used as an alternative for malaria control.
Abstract: Background
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) and its derived products have shown a variety of insecticidal properties. The present paper discusses the larvicidal activity of neem-based biopesticide for the control of mosquitoes.
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19 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Since this plant is readily available and widely distributed, can be used as a cheap alternative to the conventional larvicides, there is a need to know the feasibility of using these plant extracts for the control of mosquito larva in the field condition.
Abstract: Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of dreadful diseases such as Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Lymphatic filariasis. An ecofriendly approaches made to control mosquito larvae by using plant extracts is alternative to synthetic pesticides for avoid the environmental hazards. In order to achieve control, knowledge about the interactions between the pest population and plant products is very much important. Many plant species exhibited mosquitocidal activity, among them meliaceae having potential activity against mosquitoes. For example Azadirachta indica, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Khaya senegalensis, Lansium domesticum, Melia volkensii Melia azedarach, Turraea abyssinica, Turraea wakefeldii, Turraea mombassana and Trichilia roka, were showed potential larvicidal activity against vector mosquitoes. Hence, there is a need to know the feasibility of using these plant extracts for the control of mosquito larva in the field condition. Since this plant is readily available and widely distributed, can be used as a cheap alternative to the conventional larvicides.
12 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The larrvicidal activity of Mosquito and phytochemical screening of Methanol extract of leaves belongs to the family Meliaceae have been evaluated in the present study.
Abstract: The larrvicidal activity of Mosquito and phytochemical screening of Methanol extract of leaves belongs to the family Meliaceae have been evaluated in the present study. Larvicidal effect on 3 and 4 instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus to test concentrations of 50,100,150,200mg of Methanol and Ethanol extract of leaf of Azadirachta indica in 100ml of water.200mg concentration shows maximum mortality of the larvae when compared150 (70%),100(50%) and 50(40%) concentration were observed. Presence of Caproic Acid,4-butoxy butanol, Oleic acid, Decanoic acid,8 methyl, methyl ester,N-methyl-N-N-di(2-(4-Pyridyl)ethyl)-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine,6(E), 9 (Z), 13(E),Penedectriene, Phytol, Cis, Cis, Cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal were found in GC/MS analysis of leaf extract.
12 citations
Cites background from "Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..."
...The Neem oil formulation was found effective in controlling mosquito larvae in different breeding sites under natural field conditions ( Virendra K Dua et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, aqueous extract of Indian spice Asafoetida was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles for larvicidal application against three mosquito vectors and found most effective against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi.
Abstract: The present study focuses on rapid and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using aqueous extract of Indian spice Asafoetida. To study the enhanced reducing and capping activity of Agave americana, four different combinations were employed, where a fixed volume of Asafoetida aqueous solution was mixed with different proportions of 1 mM aqueous silver nitrate solution and A. americana extract. Formation of AgNPs was signified through color change from colorless to dark brown and confirmed using UV–Vis spectral analysis. SEM and TEM results showed spherical and well dispersed AgNPs with particle size ranging between 50 and 125 nm, more over the X-ray diffraction patterns signified their crystalline nature. FTIR spectra of different combinations exhibited consistent pattern of decreasing particle size with increasing ratios of extracts which was also reflected in their larvicidal activity. The larvicidal application of these nanoparticles was also studied against three mosquito vectors and found most effective against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Risk assessment was monitored on HEK 293 cell lines and proved safer with range of 92.8–78.2% cell viability after 24 h. This is first report where size of AgNPs was controlled through phytoextract combinations and additive effect was validated through enhanced larvicidal activity and biocompatibility.
12 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: A review of the literature up to 2021 on the Meliaceae family with antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic activity is presented in this article , where a number of online libraries including PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar and Web of Science were used in searching for information on anti-malaria metabolites from Meliaceous plants.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.
Abstract: There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.
11,700 citations
"Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..." refers methods in this paper
...The percent corrected mortality was calculated using Abbott's formula [13] and Log probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50)/90% lethal concentration (LC90) of the formulation....
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TL;DR: In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.
Abstract: Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical products. Pyrethrum and neem are well established commercially, pesticides based on plant essential oils have recently entered the marketplace, and the use of rotenone appears to be waning. A number of plant substances have been considered for use as insect antifeedants or repellents, but apart from some natural mosquito repellents, little commercial success has ensued for plant substances that modify arthropod behavior. Several factors appear to limit the success of botanicals, most notably regulatory barriers and the availability of competing products (newer synthetics, fermentation products, microbials) that are cost-effective and relatively safe compared with their predecessors. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.
2,996 citations
"Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..." refers background in this paper
...Many of these derived products have antifeedancy, ovicidal activity, fecundity suppression besides insect growth regulation and repellency against insects [ 5-10 ]....
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TL;DR: Les substances derivees du «neem», efficaces contre les insectes sont examines (influence sur le comportement de fixation, the ponte, the prise de nourriture, the metamorphose, the fecondite, the fitners) ainsi que les capacites potentielles des insecticides extraits du neem pour le controle des insectes nuisibles and leurs effets sur les animaux.
Abstract: Les substances derivees du «neem», efficaces contre les insectes sont examines (influence sur le comportement de fixation, la ponte, la prise de nourriture, la metamorphose, la fecondite, la fitners) ainsi que les capacites potentielles des insecticides extraits du neem pour le controle des insectes nuisibles et leurs effets sur les animaux a sang chaud et sur l'homme
1,595 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Examples of phytochemicals evaluated against mosquitoes as general toxicants, growth and reproduction inhibitors, repellents and ovipositional deterrents are given.
Abstract: A review on the reported uses of chemicals derived from botanical sources is presented, along with the part of the plant used for extraction, the mosquito species studied and the bioactivity observed for 344 plant species. Examples of phytochemicals evaluated against mosquitoes as general toxicants, growth and reproduction inhibitors, repellents and ovipositional deterrents are given. The effects of mosquito species and life stage specificity, solvents used for extraction, phototoxic activity and the geographical source from where the plant compounds are derived are discussed.
735 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The tree and its characteristics biologically active ingredients effects on viruses and organisms neem products for pest management and practical results of neem applications against arthropod pests, and probability of development of resistance toxicity of neems to vertebrates and side effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The tree and its characteristics biologically active ingredients effects on viruses and organisms neem products for pest management and practical results of neem applications against arthropod pests, and probability of development of resistance toxicity of neem to vertebrates and side effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms various uses of neem products economic, socioeconomic and policy considerations, and neem in sociocultural life in South Asia other meliaceous plants containing ingredients for pest management and other purposes register of scientific and common names. (Part contents).
414 citations