Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoes
TL;DR: The neem oil formulation was found effective in controlling mosquito larvae in different breeding sites under natural field conditions and may prove to be an effective and eco-friendly larvicide, which could be used as an alternative for malaria control.
Abstract: Background
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) and its derived products have shown a variety of insecticidal properties. The present paper discusses the larvicidal activity of neem-based biopesticide for the control of mosquitoes.
Citations
More filters
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti was evaluated.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica , Melaleuca alternifolia , carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS: The larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. The groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (BTI) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (PC1) and 0.06 ppm (PC2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 50.0% concentration (G1); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 25.0% concentration (G2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 12.5% concentration (G3); and negative control group using water (NC1) and using dimethyl (NC2). The larvae were monitored every 60 min using direct visualization. RESULTS: No mortality occurred in experimental groups NC1 and NC2 in the 24h exposure period, whereas there was 100% mortality in the PC1 and PC2 groups compared to NC1 and NC2. Mortality rates of 65.0%, 50.0% and 78.0% were observed in the groups G1, G2 and G3 respectively, compared with NC1 and NC2.
1 citations
Dissertation•
01 Oct 2011
TL;DR: The dissertation is entitled “Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of T. fragrans Roxb.
Abstract: The plant kingdom holds many species of plant containing medicinally active phytoconstituents. Recently there has been a revival of interest on plants. In this work an attempt was made to explore the plant T. fragrans Roxb. The dissertation is entitled “Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of T. fragrans Roxb.( Acanthaceae)’’ study was carried out including macroscopical, microscopical characterization and quantitative microscope analytical parameters, standardization parameters. The observed macroscopical, microscopical, cytomorphological features has added more weightage to the authenticity of the plant.
1 citations
Cites background from "Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..."
..., and hence plant products are one of the best alternatives for mosquito control [61, 62]....
[...]
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Organic extracts of Azarditacha indica fractionated, most active fraction were tested against test bacterium, isolate, purify and characterized the most promising fraction and it’s supposed to be 1-Tigloyl-3acetyl-1, 1-hydroxymeliacarpin (Azadirachtin-D).
Abstract: In the present study organic extracts (Chloroform) of twenty four plants were tested through anti-bacterial susceptibility test against specific bacterium X. oryzae causing Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) disease in rice. Azarditacha indica extract showed high efficacy against Xoo bacterium forming larger inhibition zone (18.5 mm) with activity index (0.64).Further extract of Azarditacha indica fractionated, most active fraction were tested using bio autography agar overlay method against test bacterium, isolate, purify and characterized the most promising fraction and it’s supposed to be 1-Tigloyl-3acetyl-1, 1-hydroxymeliacarpin (Azadirachtin-D).
1 citations
Cites background from "Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..."
...It grow semi-tropical or tropical area of world, Neem native to Indian Subcontinent, its fast growing tree, possess secondary metabolite against number of microorganism (Dua et al., 2009)....
[...]
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Comparatively study of leaves, heartwood and flowers indicates flowers are having more potent activity than leaves and heartwood, and as the concentration increases, the death time of larvae is decreased.
Abstract: Larvicidal activity of volatiles of different parts of Azadirachta indica was evaluated against Indianameal Moths, Helicoverpa Armigera and Boll Weevil. The growth disrupting properties of volatiles is increased 50 fold depending upon the solvent used for dilution. In contact toxicity test observed that as the concentration increases the death time of larvae is decreased. Comparatively study of leaves, heartwood and flowers indicates flowers are having more potent activity than leaves and heartwood.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, attempts were made to develop niosomes encapsulated with Indian herb oils using the transmembrane pH gradient method and evaluated for their mosquito larvicidal properties.
Abstract: The need for eco-friendly plant-based products has gained enormous attention. In this study, attempts were made to develop niosomes encapsulated with Indian herb oils using the transmembrane pH gradient method and evaluated for their mosquito larvicidal properties. The bioactive constituents in herb oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The synthesized niosomes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Zeta-Sizer and Zeta-Potential. The average size of neem oil, eucalyptus oil and rosemary oil encapsulated niosomes were identified to be 912.36 nm, 693.25 nm and 869.64 nm, respectively with good stability. The data obtained from mortality rate analysis against mosquito larvae with the synthesized niosomes were evaluated using probit analysis statistical method. The LC50 and LC90 values for neem oil, eucalyptus oil and rosemary oil encapsulated niosomes treated against Aedes aegypti larvae were 36, 59 ppm, 41, 79 ppm and 43, 72 ppm, respectively and treated against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were 33, 71 ppm, 35, 75 ppm and 45, 80 ppm, respectively. In light of the above, it was found that neem oil loaded niosomes had better larval mortality rate. Histological analysis of dead larvae revealed the damage in the epithelial cells of midgut region of larvae, which led to mortality. The study suggested that Indian herb oil-based niosomes could be used as an alternative to synthetic mosquito larvicides.
1 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, which eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide.
Abstract: There are several statistical methods used in biology (entomology) for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, based on relating the number of dead insects in the treated plat to the number of live ones in the untreated plat. In order to make experimental studies comparable and statistically meaningful, the article recommends the following formula: per cent control = 100(X - Y)/X, where X = % living in the untreated check sample and Y = % living in the treated sample. Calculation using this method eliminates errors due to deaths in the control sample which were not due to the insecticide. An example based on treatments of San Jose scale includes computation of probable errors for X and Y, and the significance of the difference between the two counts. Common biometric convention holds that when the difference between the results of two experiments is greater than three times its probable error, the results are significant and due to the treatment applied.
11,700 citations
"Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..." refers methods in this paper
...The percent corrected mortality was calculated using Abbott's formula [13] and Log probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50)/90% lethal concentration (LC90) of the formulation....
[...]
TL;DR: In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.
Abstract: Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical products. Pyrethrum and neem are well established commercially, pesticides based on plant essential oils have recently entered the marketplace, and the use of rotenone appears to be waning. A number of plant substances have been considered for use as insect antifeedants or repellents, but apart from some natural mosquito repellents, little commercial success has ensued for plant substances that modify arthropod behavior. Several factors appear to limit the success of botanicals, most notably regulatory barriers and the availability of competing products (newer synthetics, fermentation products, microbials) that are cost-effective and relatively safe compared with their predecessors. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.
2,996 citations
"Larvicidal activity of neem oil (Az..." refers background in this paper
...Many of these derived products have antifeedancy, ovicidal activity, fecundity suppression besides insect growth regulation and repellency against insects [ 5-10 ]....
[...]
TL;DR: Les substances derivees du «neem», efficaces contre les insectes sont examines (influence sur le comportement de fixation, the ponte, the prise de nourriture, the metamorphose, the fecondite, the fitners) ainsi que les capacites potentielles des insecticides extraits du neem pour le controle des insectes nuisibles and leurs effets sur les animaux.
Abstract: Les substances derivees du «neem», efficaces contre les insectes sont examines (influence sur le comportement de fixation, la ponte, la prise de nourriture, la metamorphose, la fecondite, la fitners) ainsi que les capacites potentielles des insecticides extraits du neem pour le controle des insectes nuisibles et leurs effets sur les animaux a sang chaud et sur l'homme
1,595 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Examples of phytochemicals evaluated against mosquitoes as general toxicants, growth and reproduction inhibitors, repellents and ovipositional deterrents are given.
Abstract: A review on the reported uses of chemicals derived from botanical sources is presented, along with the part of the plant used for extraction, the mosquito species studied and the bioactivity observed for 344 plant species. Examples of phytochemicals evaluated against mosquitoes as general toxicants, growth and reproduction inhibitors, repellents and ovipositional deterrents are given. The effects of mosquito species and life stage specificity, solvents used for extraction, phototoxic activity and the geographical source from where the plant compounds are derived are discussed.
735 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The tree and its characteristics biologically active ingredients effects on viruses and organisms neem products for pest management and practical results of neem applications against arthropod pests, and probability of development of resistance toxicity of neems to vertebrates and side effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The tree and its characteristics biologically active ingredients effects on viruses and organisms neem products for pest management and practical results of neem applications against arthropod pests, and probability of development of resistance toxicity of neem to vertebrates and side effects on beneficial and other non-target organisms various uses of neem products economic, socioeconomic and policy considerations, and neem in sociocultural life in South Asia other meliaceous plants containing ingredients for pest management and other purposes register of scientific and common names. (Part contents).
414 citations