Laser frequency stabilization by polarization spectroscopy of a reflecting reference cavity
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear polarizer or Brewster plate is placed inside the reference cavity, so that the reflected light acquires a frequency-dependent elliptical polarization, which can provide the error signal for electronic frequency stabilization without any need for modulation techniques.
About: This article is published in Optics Communications.The article was published on 1980-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 941 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Elliptical polarization & Polarizer.
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20 Apr 2016
TL;DR: This review describes dual-comb spectroscopy and summarizes the current state of the art and suggests that frequency comb technology will continue to mature and could surpass conventional broadbandSpectroscopy for a wide range of laboratory and field applications.
Abstract: Dual-comb spectroscopy is an emerging new spectroscopic tool that exploits the frequency resolution, frequency accuracy, broad bandwidth, and brightness of frequency combs for ultrahigh-resolution, high-sensitivity broadband spectroscopy. By using two coherent frequency combs, dual-comb spectroscopy allows a sample’s spectral response to be measured on a comb tooth-by-tooth basis rapidly and without the size constraints or instrument response limitations of conventional spectrometers. This review describes dual-comb spectroscopy and summarizes the current state of the art. As frequency comb technology progresses, dual-comb spectroscopy will continue to mature and could surpass conventional broadband spectroscopy for a wide range of laboratory and field applications.
1,113 citations
TL;DR: It is reported on the Bose-Einstein condensation of more than 105 Li2 molecules in an optical trap starting from a spin mixture of fermionic lithium atoms and demonstrated the magnetic field–dependent mean field by controlled condensate spilling.
Abstract: We report on the Bose-Einstein condensation of more than 10(5) Li2 molecules in an optical trap starting from a spin mixture of fermionic lithium atoms During forced evaporative cooling, the molecules are formed by three-body recombination near a Feshbach resonance and finally condense in a long-lived thermal equilibrium state We measured the characteristic frequency of a collective excitation mode and demonstrated the magnetic field-dependent mean field by controlled condensate spilling
929 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a new resonator with a record Q-factor of 875 million for on-chip devices, which sets a new benchmark for the Q factor on a chip, and also provides full compatibility of this important device class with conventional semiconductor processing.
Abstract: Ultrahigh-Q optical resonators are being studied across a wide range of fields, including quantum information, nonlinear optics, cavity optomechanics and telecommunications. Here, we demonstrate a new resonator with a record Q-factor of 875 million for on-chip devices. The fabrication of our device avoids the requirement for a specialized processing step, which in microtoroid resonators8 has made it difficult to control their size and achieve millimetre- and centimetre-scale diameters. Attaining these sizes is important in applications such as microcombs and potentially also in rotation sensing. As an application of size control, stimulated Brillouin lasers incorporating our device are demonstrated. The resonators not only set a new benchmark for the Q-factor on a chip, but also provide, for the first time, full compatibility of this important device class with conventional semiconductor processing. This feature will greatly expand the range of possible ‘system on a chip’ functions enabled by ultrahigh-Q devices.
632 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a laser-driven resolved sideband cooling of the resonant vibrational mode of a toroidal microcavity represents another step towards reaching the quantum ground state.
Abstract: In atomic laser cooling, preparation of the motional quantum ground state has been achieved using resolved-sideband cooling of trapped ions. Here, we report the first demonstration of resolved-sideband cooling of a mesoscopic mechanical oscillator, a key step towards ground-state cooling as quantum back-action is sufficiently suppressed in this scheme. A laser drives the first lower sideband of an optical microcavity resonance, the decay rate of which is twenty times smaller than the eigenfrequency of the associated mechanical oscillator. Cooling rates above 1.5 MHz are attained, three orders of magnitude higher than the intrinsic dissipation rate of the mechanical device that is independently monitored at the level. Direct spectroscopy of the motional sidebands of the cooling laser confirms the expected suppression of motional increasing processes during cooling. Moreover, using two-mode pumping, this regime could enable motion measurement beyond the standard quantum limit and the concomitant generation of non-classical states of motion. Laser-driven resolved sideband cooling of the resonant vibrational mode of a toroidal microcavity represents another step towards reaching the quantum ground state.
592 citations
Cites methods from "Laser frequency stabilization by po..."
...An adaptation of the Hansch–Couillaud polarization spectroscopy techniqu...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate intra-cavity high harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet, which promises to lead to another joint frontier of precision spectroscopy and ultrafast science.
Abstract: Since 1998, the interaction of precision spectroscopy and ultrafast laser science has led to several notable accomplishments. Femtosecond laser optical frequency 'combs' (evenly spaced spectral lines) have revolutionized the measurement of optical frequencies and enabled optical atomic clocks. The same comb techniques have been used to control the waveform of ultrafast laser pulses, which permitted the generation of single attosecond pulses, and have been used in a recently demonstrated 'oscilloscope' for light waves. Here we demonstrate intra-cavity high harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet, which promises to lead to another joint frontier of precision spectroscopy and ultrafast science. We have generated coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation at a repetition frequency of more than 100 MHz, a 1,000-fold improvement over previous experiments. At such a repetition rate, the mode spacing of the frequency comb, which is expected to survive the high harmonic generation process, is large enough for high resolution spectroscopy. Additionally, there may be many other applications of such a quasi-continuous compact and coherent extreme ultraviolet source, including extreme ultraviolet holography, microscopy, nanolithography and X-ray atomic clocks.
511 citations
References
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01 Jan 1959
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Abstract: The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals. The text covers the elements of the theories of interference, interferometers, and diffraction. The book tackles several behaviors of light, including its diffraction when exposed to ultrasonic waves.
19,815 citations
[...]
01 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals, including interference, interferometers, and diffraction.
Abstract: The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss various topics about optics, such as geometrical theories, image forming instruments, and optics of metals and crystals. The text covers the elements of the theories of interference, interferometers, and diffraction. The book tackles several behaviors of light, including its diffraction when exposed to ultrasonic waves.
19,503 citations
TL;DR: Two circuits for use to control the frequency of a microwave oscillator by an external high Q cavity are described, and a technique by which the frequency‐stabilization systems could be used to investigate the structure of microwave absorption spectra is suggested.
Abstract: Two circuits for use to control the frequency of a microwave oscillator by an external high Q cavity are described. One of the circuits uses a microwave equivalent of the frequency discriminator, in conjunction with a d.c. amplifier. The other uses the cavity in a special circuit that provides an intermediate‐frequency signal that is a measure of the difference between the frequencies of the oscillator and cavity. This allows the use of an intermediate‐frequency amplifier. The resulting stability of the oscillators is such that audible beat frequencies can be produced between two oscillators at 10,000 Mc/sec. The resultant signal can be frequency modulated at audiofrequencies, with stabilization acting throughout the modulation cycle. A technique by which the frequency‐stabilization systems could be used to investigate, with high resolution, the structure of microwave absorption spectra is suggested.
428 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the description of the local optical properties by the N-matrices must be closely related to the description by the dielectric and gyration tensors that are employed in standard crystal optics.
Abstract: The preceding seven papers of this series present a systematic procedure for computing the effect of an optical system on the state of polarization of the light that passes through it. The M-matrices discussed in the first six papers represent the over-all effect of an optical system; the N-matrices described in Paper VII are essentially path derivatives of the M-matrices and represent the local optical properties at a given point along the light-path.In this paper we suppose that the medium is an anisotropic crystal and note that the description of the local optical properties by the N-matrices must be closely related to the description of the local properties by the dielectric and gyration tensors that are employed in standard crystal optics. We find the exact relation between the N-matrix and the above-mentioned tensors. It is shown how one can compute the dielectric and gyration tensors from a knowledge of the N-matrices for several different directions of the light-path in the crystal. It is also shown how one can compute the N-matrix for any given light direction from a knowledge of the dielectric and gyration tensors; the computation entails finding the square root of a two-by-two complex matrix.Taken together, the eight papers of this series present a compact and systematic procedure for the solution of problems in crystal optics. The N-matrices have the advantage that circular birefringence and circular dichroism are treated in the same framework used for linear birefringence and linear dichroism.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cw dye laser system frequency stabilized to a high-finesse optical reference cavity is described, where the laser frequency is servo controlled to the cavity resonance with residual fluctuations less than 50 kHz for short times (20 μsec) and 100 Hz for long times (10 sec).
Abstract: A cw dye laser system frequency stabilized to a high‐finesse optical reference cavity is described. Laser frequency is servo controlled to the cavity resonance with residual fluctuations less than 50 kHz for short times (20 μsec) and 100 Hz for long times (10 sec). Drift in absolute laser frequency of about 1.5 MHz/min is observed due to drift of the unstabilized reference cavity. A saturated absorption spectrum of I2 obtained with this system is shown.
154 citations