Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human Chest for Localization of Internal Organs
05 Feb 2010-IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (IEEE Trans Biomed Eng)-Vol. 57, Iss: 5, pp 1167-1175
TL;DR: To visualize the various tissues in lower regions of the thorax, the color-coded scheme of the NBI variation, as measured by the third fiber, is further expanded and the outlines of the heart and lungs are observed, which is in good agreement with that as determined by the chest radiographs taken in PA position.
Abstract: The normalized backscattered intensity (NBI) profiles at various locations of human thorax by multiprobe laser reflectometer are obtained. These data after digitization, interpolation, and filtering are color-coded and displayed as images on the outline of the human thorax. For optical characterization of tissues in terms of their parameters, scattering and absorption coefficients and the anisotropy parameter (g) are obtained by matching the measured NBI profile with that as obtained by Monte Carlo simulation procedure. Corresponding to the variation of the NBI over the various regions, the optical parameters show their respective changes. The maximum absorption and minimum scattering coefficients are observed at the areola, clavicle, sternum, scapula, and vertebral column. The minimum absorption and maximum scattering coefficients are observed at the pectoralis major of chest and rectus abdominis of abdomen regions, as compared to the other regions, attributed to their tissue compositional variations. To visualize the various tissues in lower regions of the thorax, the color-coded scheme of the NBI variation, as measured by the third fiber, is further expanded. By this procedure, the outlines of the heart and lungs, as detected through intercostals regions, are observed, which is in good agreement with that as determined by the chest radiograph of the same subject taken in PA position. Similarly the lower sections of the liver and stomach, due to their distinct optical parameters, are also observed.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, optical coherence tomography was adapted to allow high-speed visualization of tissue in a living animal with a catheter-endoscope 1 millimeter in diameter, which was used to obtain cross-sectional images of the rabbit gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts at 10-micrometer resolution.
Abstract: Current medical imaging technologies allow visualization of tissue anatomy in the human body at resolutions ranging from 100 micrometers to 1 millimeter. These technologies are generally not sensitive enough to detect early-stage tissue abnormalities associated with diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, which require micrometer-scale resolution. Here, optical coherence tomography was adapted to allow high-speed visualization of tissue in a living animal with a catheter-endoscope 1 millimeter in diameter. This method, referred to as "optical biopsy," was used to obtain cross-sectional images of the rabbit gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts at 10-micrometer resolution.
1,285 citations
Patent•
14 Feb 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a method for tissue dissection and testing may comprise inserting a tissue dissecting wand (TD) through an incision in a patient's body and then separating tissue using the lysing segment(s) to access a target region, the sensor may be activated and moved around within the target region to assess tissues.
Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for tissue dissection and testing are disclosed herein. A method for tissue dissection and testing may comprise inserting a tissue dissecting wand (TD) through an incision in a patient's body. The TD may comprise a tip having a plurality of protrusions with lysing segments positioned between the protrusions to dissect and/or modify tissue. The TD may also comprise a sensor dock positioned on top of the TD that is configured to allow tissue and/or body fluid contact to a sensor. After separating tissue using the lysing segment(s) to access a target region, the sensor may be activated and moved around within the target region to assess tissues.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Monte Carlo simulation of the diffuse surface reflectance and transmittance for detection of the inhomogeneities/tumour in control tissue is carried out from the isolated heart, spleen and adipose tissues of goat digital phantoms.
Abstract: The onset of tumour in biological tissues affects their optical properties In the present study Monte Carlo simulation of the diffuse surface reflectance and transmittance for detection of the inhomogeneities/tumour in control tissue is carried out From the isolated heart, spleen and adipose tissues of goat digital phantoms are prepared The virtual optical probe consists of a photon injection port (source), three ports placed along the x-axis at 2, 4 and 6 mm to collect backscattered photons and one port placed coaxially to the source port at the exit end to collect transmitted photons Two types of inhomogeneities of diameter 2 mm are introduced in the phantoms - first a tissue of absorption coefficient 10% more than that of heart and same scattering coefficient; second, adipose or spleen tissue, embedded in heart phantoms, at depths 2, 4 and 6 mm The inhomogeneity placed at depth 2 mm gives maximum normalized backscattered intensity (|NBI|) at the port placed at 2 mm The maxima of low |NBI|s are also observed at ports located at 4 and 6 mm of inhomogeneities embedded at depths 4 and 6 mm The signals due to high scattering and high absorption are positive and negative with reference to that of heart The transmittance also shows respective variations with placement of tissues in the phantoms The normalized transmitted intensity is maximum when the tissues are placed close to the exit surface These are further characterized by the peak intensity and full-width at half maximum of signals The data analysis provides details of their type, location and size Inhomogeneities with minimal change in optical parameters are also identified
8 citations
TL;DR: The present simulated system not only shows the presence of inhomogeneties at various depths in tissue phantom but also presents their characteristics.
7 citations
TL;DR: This study shows that depending on the type of embedded tissue the backscattered fraction as measured at 2 mm from the input fiber is altered and is enhanced for adipose and decreased for spleen tissue.
Abstract: Photon propagation through tissue phantoms, made of heart, adipose, and spleen tissues was simulated by Monte Carlo procedure. To detect the presence of deep-seated abnormalities, phantoms of heart with adipose and spleen tissues embedded into it were created and simulations were performed to scan the tissue surface with a source and four detector model. Profiles drawn showed variation in parameters such as backscattered intensity in regions where adipose and spleen tissues were embedded. This study shows that depending on the type of embedded tissue the backscattered fraction as measured at 2 mm from the input fiber is altered. This is enhanced for adipose and decreased for spleen tissue. This is not only shown in scanned profiles on the surface but also in constructed images.
2 citations
Cites background from "Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human ..."
...The backscattered radiation received by the fiber placed at 6.0mm from the beam entry fiber could help in the localization of the internal organs such as heart, lungs, stomach, and liver (Pandian et al., 2010)....
[...]
...Despite the enhancement of the scattering at increased depths, we have experimentally shown the presence of internal organs in the thoracic region (Pandian et al., 2010)....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
03 Oct 1988TL;DR: This chapter discusses two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries and their applications in Image Analysis and Computer Vision, as well as image reconstruction from Projections and image enhancement.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. Two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries. 2. Image Perception. 3. Image Sampling and Quantization. 4. Image Transforms. 5. Image Representation by Stochastic Models. 6. Image Enhancement. 7. Image Filtering and Restoration. 8. Image Analysis and Computer Vision. 9. Image Reconstruction From Projections. 10. Image Data Compression.
8,504 citations
"Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human ..." refers methods in this paper
...For this purpose, the median filtering of the aforementioned data were carried out [ 35 ]....
[...]
...While on one hand, the computed tomography (CT) provides the 3-D images of heart [ 29 ], on the other hand, the MRI provided its functional images [30]....
[...]
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A Monte Carlo model of steady-state light transport in multi-layered tissues (MCML) has been coded in ANSI Standard C; therefore, the program can be used on various computers and has been in the public domain since 1992.
Abstract: A Monte Carlo model of steady-state light transport in multi-layered tissues (MCML) has been coded in ANSI Standard C; therefore, the program can be used on various computers. Dynamic data allocation is used for MCML, hence the number of tissue layers and grid elements of the grid system can be varied by users at run time. The coordinates of the simulated data for each grid element in the radial and angular directions are optimized. Some of the MCML computational results have been verified with those of other theories or other investigators. The program, including the source code, has been in the public domain since 1992.
2,889 citations
"Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human ..." refers background in this paper
...ton packages on a random walk through a virtual tissue sample [37]....
[...]
TL;DR: A Monte Carlo model of steady-state light transport in multi-layered tissues (MCML) has been coded in ANSI Standard C; therefore, the program can be used on various computers as mentioned in this paper.
2,678 citations
TL;DR: The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients, but suffers from a lack of standardized method and quality control procedures.
2,371 citations
"Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human ..." refers methods in this paper
...The body fat of each subject was measured using bioelectrical impedance method [34] and the results were crosschecked by measuring this with body fat calipers (Accumeasure calipers)....
[...]
TL;DR: Emphasis is shifting to photonic methods that use tomographic principles to noninvasively image optical contrast at depths of several millimeters to centimeters with high sensitivity and sub-millimeter to millimeter resolution.
Abstract: Optical imaging of live animals has grown into an important tool in biomedical research as advances in photonic technology and reporter strategies have led to widespread exploration of biological processes in vivo. Although much attention has been paid to microscopy, macroscopic imaging has allowed small-animal imaging with larger fields of view (from several millimeters to several centimeters depending on implementation). Photographic methods have been the mainstay for fluorescence and bioluminescence macroscopy in whole animals, but emphasis is shifting to photonic methods that use tomographic principles to noninvasively image optical contrast at depths of several millimeters to centimeters with high sensitivity and sub-millimeter to millimeter resolution. Recent theoretical and instrumentation advances allow the use of large data sets and multiple projections and offer practical systems for quantitative, three-dimensional whole-body images. For photonic imaging to fully realize its potential, however, further progress will be needed in refining optical inversion methods and data acquisition techniques.
1,554 citations
"Laser Reflectance Imaging of Human ..." refers background in this paper
...Through fluorescence measurement, the imaging of various internal organs of mouse as well as their functional details could be observed [31]....
[...]