Laser Spectroscopy for Marine Biofouling Analysis
05 Oct 2020-
TL;DR: In this article, femtosecond laser-induced breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS technique has been used to investigate the growth of biofouling on Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) panels submerged in the Indian Ocean for various stages of growth.
Abstract: In the present study, femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS technique has been used to investigate the growth of biofouling on Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) panels submerged in the Indian Ocean for various stages of growth. The coupons were suspended in the Indian Ocean at a depth of 1m at a distance of 480 m from the shoreline. The panels were recovered from the sea at regular intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Growth of fouling panels were monitored and related with contact angle measurements. Elemental characterization conducted with Femtosecond LIBS indicated the presence of the elements Al, Ca, N, Ba, and Na. The study would help in creating a database for marine biofouling.
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17 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a laboratory-scale laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to analyze biofouling samples temporally and spatially in the tropical Indian Ocean at a distance of 480m from the shoreline.
Abstract: This chapter describes a laboratory-scale laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to analyze biofouling samples temporally and spatially. Two different types of substrates viz. stainless steel 316 L and fiber-reinforced plastic with dimensions 100mm×125mm were chosen for the studies. The substrates were suspended at a depth of 1m in the breakwater zone of the tropical Indian Ocean at a distance of 480m from the shoreline. The substrates were collected from the ocean after a growth period of 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. The substrates were dried in the oven for 24 hours and preserved in desiccators before the LIBS analysis. LIBS technique has the potential of analyzing and monitoring the growth of biofouling material via elemental mapping. It can also be employed for the determination of elemental composition of basic biomolecules that constitute marine biofouling.
References
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TL;DR: A review of the biodeterioration of architectural paint films by bacteria, fungi and algae, concentrating on external films, is presented in this paper, where the authors use vibrational spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic, HPLC, image analysis, FTIR spectroscope, GC-MS.
152 citations
"Laser Spectroscopy for Marine Biofo..." refers background in this paper
...Bio-deterioration of paints by bacteria, fungi and algae has also been studied by various research groups [5]–[7]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a combination of LA-ICP-MS and LIBS was used for laterally resolved elemental analysis of biological samples, and the results showed good correlation with histological stainings.
Abstract: In this study a combination of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for laterally resolved elemental analysis of biological samples. In general LA-ICP-MS is an excellent technique for the analysis of many trace elements. However, bulk components such as H or O are not accessible using this technique. In addition to those elements, also some other elements that are difficult or impossible to investigate using LA-ICP-MS (i.e., F, N, Cl, etc.), could be detected by LIBS. In this work, the simultaneous use of LIBS and LA-ICP-MS (tandem LA/LIBS) for the analysis of biological samples is presented, opening the door for the possibility of complete analysis of the elemental composition of a human tumor sample. Results show good correlation with the histological stainings. The obtained distribution images provide a valuable basis for further medical interpretation.
83 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the bactericidal mechanism of GO is likely to be the synergy between membrane and oxidative stress towards both tested species, and offer useful guidelines for the future development of GO-based antibacterial surfaces and coatings.
Abstract: While the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO) has been well established, its bactericidal mechanism, however, has yet to be elucidated to advance GO-based biomedical and environmental applications. In an attempt to better understand the bactericidal action of GO, herein we studied the interactions of GO with Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus cells using physical techniques and chemical probes, respectively. In particular, a novel laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) based elemental fingerprint analysis revealed notable differences between viable and non-viable cells based on the difference in the concentration of trace inorganic elements in complex bacterial systems, which reflect cellular membrane integrity. Lower emission intensities from essential inorganic ions in the GO-treated cells offered explicit evidence on the efflux of intracellular molecules from the bacteria through damaged cell membranes. Furthermore, a detailed structural and morphological investigation of bacterial membrane integrity confirmed GO-induced membrane stress upon direct contact interactions with bacterial cells, resulting in the disruption of cellular membranes. Moreover, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of an added antioxidant underlined the role of GO-mediated oxidative stress in bacterial cell inactivation. Thus, by correlating the changes in the bacterial elemental compositions with the severe morphological alterations and the high ROS production witnessed herein, we propose that the bactericidal mechanism of GO is likely to be the synergy between membrane and oxidative stress towards both tested species. Our findings offer useful guidelines for the future development of GO-based antibacterial surfaces and coatings.
52 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study quantitatively describe the dynamic balance of processes leading to the accumulation of microbial biofilm on coatings designed for ships’ hulls.
Abstract: The accumulation of microbial biofilms on ships’ hulls negatively affects ship performance and efficiency while also playing a role in the establishment of even more detrimental hard-fouling communities. However, there is little quantitative information on how the accumulation rate of microbial biofilms is impacted by the balance of the rates of cell settlement, in situ production (ie growth), dispersal to surrounding waters and mortality induced by grazers. These rates were quantified on test panels coated with copper-based antifouling (AF) or polymer-based fouling-release (FR) coatings by using phospholipids as molecular proxies for microbial biomass. The results confirmed the accepted modes of efficacy of these two types of coatings. In a more extensive set of experiments with only the FR coatings, it was found that seasonally averaged cellular production rates were 1.5 ± 0.5 times greater than settlement and the dispersal rates were 2.7 ± 0.8 greater than grazing. The results of this study quantitativ...
14 citations
"Laser Spectroscopy for Marine Biofo..." refers background in this paper
...The growth processes which lead to the accumulation of biofilm onto marine coatings have been studied quantitatively [3]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied synchrotron radiation-based μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-μ-XRF) for in vivo and in situ analysis of young barnacles and barnacle cyprids.
Abstract: Barnacles are able to establish stable surface contacts and adhere underwater. While the composition of adult barnacle cement has been intensively studied, far less is known about the composition of the cement of the settlement-stage cypris larva. The main challenge in studying the adhesives used by these larvae is the small quantity of material available for analysis, being on the order of nanograms. In this work, we applied, for the first time, synchrotron radiation-based μ-X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-μ-XRF) for in vivo and in situ analysis of young barnacles and barnacle cyprids. To obtain biologically relevant information relating to the body tissues, adhesives, and shell of the organisms, an in situ sample environment was developed to allow direct microprobe investigation of hydrated specimens without pretreatment of the samples. In 8-day-old juvenile barnacles (Balanus improvisus), the junctions between the six plates forming the shell wall showed elevated concentrations of calcium, potassium, bromine, strontium, and manganese. Confocal measurements allowed elemental characterization of the adhesive interface of recently attached cyprids (Balanus amphitrite), and substantiated the accumulation of bromine both at the point of initial attachment as well as within the cyprid carapace. In situ measurements of the cyprid cement established the presence of bromine, chlorine, iodine, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, and nickel for both species. The previously unrecognized presence of bromine, iron, and selenium in the cyprid permanent adhesive will hopefully inspire further biochemical investigations of the function of these substances.
14 citations
"Laser Spectroscopy for Marine Biofo..." refers methods in this paper
...Synchrotron radiation-based micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-μ-XRF) has been used to analyse the adhesive structure of the barnacle cement [4]....
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