Late-onset inflammatory adverse reactions related to soft tissue filler injections.
Citations
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Cites background from "Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..."
...Slow material degradation often results in increased inflammatory responses and can promote fibrosis [36]....
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Cites background from "Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..."
...The function of such reactions is to isolate and prevent the migration of foreign bodies that cannot immediately be removed by enzymatic breakdown or phagocytosis by enclosing them in a capsule of monocytes and macrophages.(40) The engulfed material may resist degradation and remain sequestered in the macrophages....
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References
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"Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..." refers background in this paper
...[42] recently coined the term Autoimmune/auto-inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant (ASIA) for an umbrella entity that included those cases of diverse clinical signs and symptoms, together with some laboratory markers related to inflammation or autoimmunity....
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594 citations
"Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last 10 years, different clinical profiles [7, 8] as well as suggestive histopathological patterns have been described [13, 14], and some authors have proposed a grading system classification of foreign body reactions induced by injected fillers into four categories [15]....
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"Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..." refers result in this paper
...Even though case reports are continuing to be reported, well-designed epidemiological studies have failed to demonstrate a true relationship between silicone injections and ASD [34]....
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...Silicone injections, mainly silicone breast augmentation prosthesis, have been related to diverse autoimmune systemic diseases (ASD) especially systemic sclerosis (SS), inflammatory myopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, adult Still disease, mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp disease), eosinophilic fasciitis, overlap SS/SLE, and fibromyalgia [32], or with unspecific or undifferentiated connectivetissue diseases [33]....
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322 citations
"Late-onset inflammatory adverse rea..." refers background in this paper
...TLR expression, in several different cell types, and the active cross-talk that antigen-presenting cells and B cells display with T cells may explain why these receptors are now accepted as a link between adaptive and innate immunity [51, 52]....
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The paper does not specifically mention which cytokines are involved in dermal filler side effects.