Journal ArticleDOI
Latent Class Analysis
Valentin Neuhaus,David Ring +1 more
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TLDR
There is no test that is both reliable and accurate in the diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture among patients with a suspected fracture, and an increasingly used statistical method is latent class analysis (LCA), which identifies unobserved (or latent) associations of risk factors that estimate the probability of disease.Abstract:
c ( l WHEN RADIOGRAPHS ARE normal in a young adult patient with snuffbox tenderness after a fall, we turn to more sophisticated radiological examination to rule out a fracture of the scaphoid. But each examination can miss a fracture or suggest a fracture when one is not present. There is no test that is both reliable and accurate in the diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture among patients with a suspected fracture. Both patients and health providers crave certainty, but we can only estimate the probability of a scaphoid fracture in this context. This situation is not unique. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, compartment syndrome, and prosthetic joint infection, to name a few examples, are all probabilities rather than certainties. The basic issue is that there is no valid and reliable test that can make the diagnosis with certainty. Such a test is referred to as the gold or reference standard. When there is a reference standard, the value of a diagnostic test is evaluated using diagnostic performance characteristics such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. In the absence of a reference standard, an increasingly used statistical method is latent class analysis (LCA), which identifies unobserved (or latent) associations of risk factors that estimate the probability of disease. For instance, in the setting of a suspected scaphoid fracture, 1 study estimated that the presence of all 4 of the identified risk factors (male sex, sports injury, anatomical snuffbox tenderness on ulnar deviation of the wrist within 72 hours, and thumb-index finger pinch) was associated with a 74% probability of scaphoid fracture. Other studies used LCA and conventional methods to calculate diagnostic performance characteristics andread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
poLCA: An R Package for Polytomous Variable Latent Class Analysis
Drew A. Linzer,Jeffrey B. Lewis +1 more
TL;DR: poLCA is a software package for the estimation of latent class and latent class regression models for polytomous outcome variables, implemented in the R statistical computing environment using expectation-maximization and Newton-Raphson algorithms to find maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new model of social class : findings from the BBC's Great British Class Survey Experiment.
Mike Savage,Fiona Devine,Niall Cunningham,Mark Taylor,Yaojun Li,Johannes Hjellbrekke,Brigitte Le Roux,Sam Friedman,Andrew Miles +8 more
TL;DR: The authors used latent class analysis on these variables to derive seven classes of social class in the UK, and demonstrate the existence of an elite class whose wealth separates them from an established middle class, as well as a class of technical experts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Power to Detect the Correct Number of Classes in Latent Profile Analysis
TL;DR: This simulation study examined power related to interclass distance between latent classes given true number of classes, sample size, and number of indicators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Women's status and domestic violence in rural Bangladesh: individual- and community-level effects.
TL;DR: Increased education, higher socioeconomic status, non-Muslim religion, and extended family residence are found to be associated with lower risks of violence in two rural areas of Bangladesh.
Journal ArticleDOI
Robustness of Stepwise Latent Class Modeling With Continuous Distal Outcomes
Zsuzsa Bakk,Jeroen K. Vermunt +1 more
TL;DR: Although each of the 4 investigated methods yields unbiased estimates of the class-specific means of distal outcomes when the underlying assumptions hold, 3 of the methods could fail to different degrees when assumptions are violated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered a wide class of latent structure models, which can serve as possible explanations of the observed relationships among a set of m manifest polytomous variables.
Book ChapterDOI
Latent Class Cluster Analysis
Jeroen K. Vermunt,Jay Magidson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a take down policy to remove access to the work immediately and investigate the claim. But they did not provide details of the claim and did not investigate the content of the work.
BookDOI
Applied Latent Class Analysis
TL;DR: Hagenaars and McCutcheon as discussed by the authors proposed a general latent class approach to unobserved heterogeneity in the analysis of event history data, which can be used to measure the fit of a statistical model.
Book
Latent Class Analysis
TL;DR: The Logic of Latent Variables Latent Class Analysis Estimating Latent Categorical Variables Analyzing Scale Response Patterns Comparing Latent Structures Among Groups as mentioned in this paper.
BookDOI
The Sage handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Hierarchical Models in Analyzing Data from Experiments and Quasi-Experiments Conducted in Field Settings, as well as the use of Bayesian Networks in Probabalistic Modeling.