Latent dirichlet allocation

doi:10.5555/944919.944937

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Latent dirichlet allocation

Journal Article•DOI•

Latent dirichlet allocation

David M. Blei¹, Andrew Y. Ng², Michael I. Jordan¹•Institutions (2)

University of California, Berkeley¹, Stanford University²

01 Mar 2003-Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR.org)-Vol. 3, pp 993-1022

TL;DR: This work proposes a generative model for text and other collections of discrete data that generalizes or improves on several previous models including naive Bayes/unigram, mixture of unigrams, and Hofmann's aspect model.

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Abstract: We describe latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a generative probabilistic model for collections of discrete data such as text corpora. LDA is a three-level hierarchical Bayesian model, in which each item of a collection is modeled as a finite mixture over an underlying set of topics. Each topic is, in turn, modeled as an infinite mixture over an underlying set of topic probabilities. In the context of text modeling, the topic probabilities provide an explicit representation of a document. We present efficient approximate inference techniques based on variational methods and an EM algorithm for empirical Bayes parameter estimation. We report results in document modeling, text classification, and collaborative filtering, comparing to a mixture of unigrams model and the probabilistic LSI model.

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

A Latent Semantic Model with Convolutional-Pooling Structure for Information Retrieval

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Yelong Shen¹, Xiaodong He¹, Jianfeng Gao¹, Li Deng¹, Grégoire Mesnil² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Microsoft¹, Université de Montréal²

03 Nov 2014

TL;DR: A new latent semantic model that incorporates a convolutional-pooling structure over word sequences to learn low-dimensional, semantic vector representations for search queries and Web documents is proposed.

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Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new latent semantic model that incorporates a convolutional-pooling structure over word sequences to learn low-dimensional, semantic vector representations for search queries and Web documents. In order to capture the rich contextual structures in a query or a document, we start with each word within a temporal context window in a word sequence to directly capture contextual features at the word n-gram level. Next, the salient word n-gram features in the word sequence are discovered by the model and are then aggregated to form a sentence-level feature vector. Finally, a non-linear transformation is applied to extract high-level semantic information to generate a continuous vector representation for the full text string. The proposed convolutional latent semantic model (CLSM) is trained on clickthrough data and is evaluated on a Web document ranking task using a large-scale, real-world data set. Results show that the proposed model effectively captures salient semantic information in queries and documents for the task while significantly outperforming previous state-of-the-art semantic models.

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723 citations

Cites background or methods from "Latent dirichlet allocation"

...The LDA model is learned via Gibbs sampling....
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...Extending from LSA, probabilistic topic models such as probabilistic LSA (PLSA), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and Bi-Lingual Topic Model (BLTM), have been proposed and successfully applied to semantic matching [19][4][16][15][39]....
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...LDA gives slightly better results than the PLSA, and LDA with 500 topics significantly outperforms BM25 and ULM....
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...We see that using clickthrough data for model training leads to improvement over PLSA and LDA....
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...LDA (Row 5 and 6) is our implementation of the model in [39]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Translation techniques in cross-language information retrieval

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Dong Zhou¹, Mark Truran², Tim Brailsford³, Vincent Wade⁴, Helen Ashman⁵ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (5)

Hunan University of Science and Technology¹, Teesside University², University of Nottingham³, Trinity College, Dublin⁴, University of South Australia⁵

07 Dec 2012-ACM Computing Surveys

TL;DR: Over the last 15 years, the CLIR community has developed a wide range of techniques and models supporting free text translation, with a special emphasis on recent developments.

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Abstract: Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is an active sub-domain of information retrieval (IR). Like IR, CLIR is centered on the search for documents and for information contained within those documents. Unlike IR, CLIR must reconcile queries and documents that are written in different languages. The usual solution to this mismatch involves translating the query and/or the documents before performing the search. Translation is therefore a pivotal activity for CLIR engines. Over the last 15 years, the CLIR community has developed a wide range of techniques and models supporting free text translation. This article presents an overview of those techniques, with a special emphasis on recent developments.

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720 citations

Cites methods from "Latent dirichlet allocation"

...One of the earliest published dual translation systems used a technique known as latent semantic indexing (LSI) [Blei et al. 2003; Landauer et al. 1998]....
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...Concrete implementations of the ESA model have recently produced results comparable with LSI-based systems [Cimiano et al. 2009; Anderka et al. 2009]....
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...Latent semantic indexing (LSI) and TREC-2....
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...Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) [Blei et al. 2003], a probabilistic technique analogous to latent semantic analysis, suffers from the same problems as LSI [Cimiano et al. 2009]....
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...One of the earliest published dual translation systems used a technique known as latent semantic indexing (LSI) [Blei et al. 2003; Landauer et al. 1998]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Aspect extraction for opinion mining with a deep convolutional neural network

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Soujanya Poria¹, Erik Cambria¹, Alexander Gelbukh²•Institutions (2)

Nanyang Technological University¹, Instituto Politécnico Nacional²

15 Sep 2016-Knowledge Based Systems

TL;DR: This paper used a 7-layer deep convolutional neural network to tag each word in opinionated sentences as either aspect or non-aspect word, and developed a set of linguistic patterns for the same purpose and combined them with the neural network.

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Abstract: In this paper, we present the first deep learning approach to aspect extraction in opinion mining. Aspect extraction is a subtask of sentiment analysis that consists in identifying opinion targets in opinionated text, i.e., in detecting the specific aspects of a product or service the opinion holder is either praising or complaining about. We used a 7-layer deep convolutional neural network to tag each word in opinionated sentences as either aspect or non-aspect word. We also developed a set of linguistic patterns for the same purpose and combined them with the neural network. The resulting ensemble classifier, coupled with a word-embedding model for sentiment analysis, allowed our approach to obtain significantly better accuracy than state-of-the-art methods.

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716 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A Survey of Techniques for Event Detection in Twitter

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Farzindar Atefeh, Wael Khreich

01 Feb 2015

TL;DR: A survey of techniques for event detection from Twitter streams aimed at finding real‐world occurrences that unfold over space and time and highlights the need for public benchmarks to evaluate the performance of different detection approaches and various features.

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Abstract: Twitter is among the fastest-growing microblogging and online social networking services. Messages posted on Twitter tweets have been reporting everything from daily life stories to the latest local and global news and events. Monitoring and analyzing this rich and continuous user-generated content can yield unprecedentedly valuable information, enabling users and organizations to acquire actionable knowledge. This article provides a survey of techniques for event detection from Twitter streams. These techniques aim at finding real-world occurrences that unfold over space and time. In contrast to conventional media, event detection from Twitter streams poses new challenges. Twitter streams contain large amounts of meaningless messages and polluted content, which negatively affect the detection performance. In addition, traditional text mining techniques are not suitable, because of the short length of tweets, the large number of spelling and grammatical errors, and the frequent use of informal and mixed language. Event detection techniques presented in literature address these issues by adapting techniques from various fields to the uniqueness of Twitter. This article classifies these techniques according to the event type, detection task, and detection method and discusses commonly used features. Finally, it highlights the need for public benchmarks to evaluate the performance of different detection approaches and various features.

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710 citations

Cites background from "Latent dirichlet allocation"

...Long et al. (2011) return the k most relevant and diverse posts to capture the event context based on cosine similarity between posts within a given time interval, while Cordeiro (2012) returns the set of hashtags related to the events based on an LDA topic model....
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...Finally, when an event is detected within a given time interval, LDA is applied to all tweets related to the hashtag in each corresponding time series to extract a set of latent topics, which provide an improved summary of event description....
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...Similarly, Cordeiro (2012) proposed a continuous wavelet transformation based on hashtag occurrences combined with a topic model inference using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) (Blei et al. 2003)....
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Semi-supervised learning with graphs

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Xiaojin Zhu¹, John Lafferty¹, Ronald Rosenfeld¹•Institutions (1)

Carnegie Mellon University¹

01 Jan 2005

TL;DR: A series of novel semi-supervised learning approaches arising from a graph representation, where labeled and unlabeled instances are represented as vertices, and edges encode the similarity between instances are presented.

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Abstract: In traditional machine learning approaches to classification, one uses only a labeled set to train the classifier. Labeled instances however are often difficult, expensive, or time consuming to obtain, as they require the efforts of experienced human annotators. Meanwhile unlabeled data may be relatively easy to collect, but there has been few ways to use them. Semi-supervised learning addresses this problem by using large amount of unlabeled data, together with the labeled data, to build better classifiers. Because semi-supervised learning requires less human effort and gives higher accuracy, it is of great interest both in theory and in practice. We present a series of novel semi-supervised learning approaches arising from a graph representation, where labeled and unlabeled instances are represented as vertices, and edges encode the similarity between instances. They address the following questions: How to use unlabeled data? (label propagation); What is the probabilistic interpretation? (Gaussian fields and harmonic functions); What if we can choose labeled data? (active learning); How to construct good graphs? (hyperparameter learning); How to work with kernel machines like SVM? (graph kernels); How to handle complex data like sequences? (kernel conditional random fields); How to handle scalability and induction? (harmonic mixtures). An extensive literature review is included at the end.

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707 citations

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References

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Book•

Handbook of mathematical functions : with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables

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Milton Abramowitz, Irene A. Stegun

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17,608 citations

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Bayesian Data Analysis

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Andrew Gelman, John B. Carlin, Hal S. Stern, David B. Dunson, Aki Vehtari, Donald B. Rubin¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

University of California, Irvine¹

01 Jan 1995

TL;DR: Detailed notes on Bayesian Computation Basics of Markov Chain Simulation, Regression Models, and Asymptotic Theorems are provided.

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Abstract: FUNDAMENTALS OF BAYESIAN INFERENCE Probability and Inference Single-Parameter Models Introduction to Multiparameter Models Asymptotics and Connections to Non-Bayesian Approaches Hierarchical Models FUNDAMENTALS OF BAYESIAN DATA ANALYSIS Model Checking Evaluating, Comparing, and Expanding Models Modeling Accounting for Data Collection Decision Analysis ADVANCED COMPUTATION Introduction to Bayesian Computation Basics of Markov Chain Simulation Computationally Efficient Markov Chain Simulation Modal and Distributional Approximations REGRESSION MODELS Introduction to Regression Models Hierarchical Linear Models Generalized Linear Models Models for Robust Inference Models for Missing Data NONLINEAR AND NONPARAMETRIC MODELS Parametric Nonlinear Models Basic Function Models Gaussian Process Models Finite Mixture Models Dirichlet Process Models APPENDICES A: Standard Probability Distributions B: Outline of Proofs of Asymptotic Theorems C: Computation in R and Stan Bibliographic Notes and Exercises appear at the end of each chapter.

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16,079 citations

"Latent dirichlet allocation" refers background in this paper

...Finally, Griffiths and Steyvers (2002) have presented a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for LDA....
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...Structures similar to that shown in Figure 1 are often studied in Bayesian statistical modeling, where they are referred to ashierarchical models(Gelman et al., 1995), or more precisely asconditionally independent hierarchical models(Kass and Steffey, 1989)....
[...]
...Structures similar to that shown in Figure 1 are often studied in Bayesian statistical modeling, where they are referred to as hierarchical models (Gelman et al., 1995), or more precisely as conditionally independent hierarchical models (Kass and Steffey, 1989)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Indexing by Latent Semantic Analysis

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Scott Deerwester¹, Susan T. Dumais², George W. Furnas², Thomas K. Landauer², Richard A. Harshman³ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

University of Chicago¹, Telcordia Technologies², University of Western Ontario³

01 Sep 1990-Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

TL;DR: A new method for automatic indexing and retrieval to take advantage of implicit higher-order structure in the association of terms with documents (“semantic structure”) in order to improve the detection of relevant documents on the basis of terms found in queries.

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Abstract: A new method for automatic indexing and retrieval is described. The approach is to take advantage of implicit higher-order structure in the association of terms with documents (“semantic structure”) in order to improve the detection of relevant documents on the basis of terms found in queries. The particular technique used is singular-value decomposition, in which a large term by document matrix is decomposed into a set of ca. 100 orthogonal factors from which the original matrix can be approximated by linear combination. Documents are represented by ca. 100 item vectors of factor weights. Queries are represented as pseudo-document vectors formed from weighted combinations of terms, and documents with supra-threshold cosine values are returned. initial tests find this completely automatic method for retrieval to be promising.

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12,443 citations

"Latent dirichlet allocation" refers methods in this paper

...To address these shortcomings, IR researchers have proposed several other dimensionality reduction techniques, most notably latent semantic indexing (LSI) (Deerwester et al., 1990)....
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...To address these shortcomings, IR researchers have proposed several other dimensionality reduction techniques, most notablylatent semantic indexing (LSI)(Deerwester et al., 1990)....
[...]

Book•

Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval

[...]

Gerard Salton, Michael J. McGill

01 Jan 1983

TL;DR: Reading is a need and a hobby at once and this condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Some people may be laughing when looking at you reading in your spare time. Some may be admired of you. And some may want be like you who have reading hobby. What about your own feel? Have you felt right? Reading is a need and a hobby at once. This condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read. If you know are looking for the book enPDFd introduction to modern information retrieval as the choice of reading, you can find here.

...read moreread less

12,059 citations

"Latent dirichlet allocation" refers background or methods in this paper

...In the populartf-idf scheme (Salton and McGill, 1983), a basic vocabulary of “words” or “terms” is chosen, and, for each document in the corpus, a count is formed of the number of occurrences of each word....
[...]
...We report results in document modeling, text classification, and collaborative filtering, comparing to a mixture of unigrams model and the probabilistic LSI model....
[...]

Book•

Theory of probability

[...]

Harold Jeffreys, R. Bruce Lindsay

01 Jan 1939

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of direct probabilities, approximate methods and simplifications, and significant importance tests for various complications, including one new parameter, and various complications for frequency definitions and direct methods.

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Abstract: 1. Fundamental notions 2. Direct probabilities 3. Estimation problems 4. Approximate methods and simplifications 5. Significance tests: one new parameter 6. Significance tests: various complications 7. Frequency definitions and direct methods 8. General questions

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7,086 citations