Lateral Response of Free‐Head Pile
01 Aug 1983-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 110, Iss: 12, pp 1805-1809
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented estimates of the various soil-pile parameters on lateral pile head displacement, rotation and moment coefficients through graphs and provided guidelines to predict the lateral response of free-head piles.
Abstract: Quantitative estimates of the various soil-pile parameters on lateral pile head displacement, rotation and moment coefficients are presented in dimensionless terms through graphs. The results provide guidelines to predict the lateral response of free-head piles. The illustrative example highlights the utility of the results. These results can also be used to predict the responses of partially restrained head piles.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of slope angle and relative density on bending moment, lateral soil resistance, lateral deflection and non-dimensional p-y curves for piles on sloping ground under surcharge load are developed modifying API RP 2A (2000) method by including a Reduction Factor (R) using the experimental results.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the static and dynamic response of single free-head piles embedded in a soil stratum, the modulus of which increases linearly with depth, is investigated by means of a dynamic finite-element formulation which accounts for the three-dimensionalality of soil deformation while properly reproducing the radiation damping characteristics of the system.
Abstract: The Paper presents the results of a systematic parametric investigation of the static and dynamic response of single free-head piles embedded in a soil stratum, the modulus of which increases linearly with depth. The study is conducted by means of a dynamic finite-element formulation which accounts for the three-dimensionality of soil deformation while properly reproducing the radiation damping characteristics of the system. The soil is modelled as a linear hysteretic continuum and the excitation consists of a sinusoidally time-varying horizontal force or moment, applied at the pile head. Comprehensive plots of the results are presented in non-dimensional form, for a wide range of the most significant dimensionless groups of problem parameters. For the response of flexible piles, in particular, simple algebraic expressions are developed in terms of the ratio E,/E,, of the pile and soil moduli. These expressions, being valid for several values of Poisson’s ratios of the soil, compare favourably with results from previous studies and are expected to be useful in practical design calculations.
54 citations
Cites result from "Lateral Response of Free‐Head Pile"
...This was also confirmed by our sensitivity studies (see Krishnan et al., 1982)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the lateral loading tests were conducted on large-scale steel piles to establish the lateral behaviour of tapered piles in cohesionless soil, and three piles 1.52 m in length with different taper lengths were used.
Abstract: Eighteen lateral loading tests were conducted on large-scale steel piles to establish the lateral behaviour of tapered piles in cohesionless soil. Three piles 1.52 m in length with different taper ...
52 citations
Cites background from "Lateral Response of Free‐Head Pile"
..., Matlock and Ripperger 1956) or the theory of elasticity (e.g., Poulos 1971; Pise 1984; Randolph 1981; Budhu and Davies 1988)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a series of laboratory model test had been carried out on the instrumented pile on horizontal ground, with the relative density of sand at 30, 45% and 70% and varying embedment length to diameter ratio of 25, 30, and 35.
Abstract: Piles have been extensively used for supporting axial loads and lateral loads for variety of structures including high rise buildings, transmission towers, power stations, offshore structures and highway and railway structures. Many transmission towers, high rise buildings and highway and railway bridges are constructed near steep slopes which are supported by pile foundations. These structures may be subjected to large lateral loads such as strong winds or earthquakes. When piles are constructed in sloping ground, the behaviour of piles under lateral load is different from piles in horizontal ground. The present investigation is to study the behaviour of piles on sloping ground under lateral loads. A series of laboratory model test had been carried out on the instrumented pile on horizontal ground, 1V: 2H slope and 1V: 1.5H slope with the relative density of sand at 30%, 45% and 70% and varying embedment length to diameter ratio of 25, 30, and 35. From the experimental results, the behaviour of t...
41 citations
Additional excerpts
...These approaches assume either the theory of subgrade reaction (Matlock and Ripperger 1956) or the theory of elasticity (Poulos 1971; Pise 1984; Randolph 1981; Budhu and Davies 1988)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the results of static lateral load test carried out on a single aluminium model pile embedded in soft clay (consistency index, Ic 0.42) on a sloping ground.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of static lateral-load test carried out on a single aluminium model pile embedded in soft clay (consistency index, Ic = 0.42) on a sloping ground. A series of laboratory model tests had been carried out on the instrumented aluminium pile with outer diameter of 25.46 mm on a sloping ground of varying slopes (1V:1H, 1V:1.5H, 1V:2H, 1V:3H and 1V:5H) and with varying embedment length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of 20, 25 and 30. To quantify the effect of slopes, the tests were also carried out on a horizontal ground surface. From the experimental results, the lateral load-carrying capacity of the pile, load–deflection response of the pile at pile head, effect of slopes and embedment length on pile capacity and bending-moment profile along the pile shaft were studied. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from finite element analysis PLAXIS 3D and found to be in good agreement.
38 citations
Cites background from "Lateral Response of Free‐Head Pile"
...These approaches assume either the theory of subreaction (Matlock and Ripperger 1956) or the theory of elasticity (Poulos 1971; Pise 1984; Randolph 1981; Budhu and Davies 1988)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a two-layer soil system on the behavior of a laterally loaded pile is investigated analytically in nondimensional terms, where a modulus of subgrade reaction is used to define the soil stiffness; the stiffness of the surface layer is defined in terms of the underlying layer.
Abstract: The effect of a two-layer soil system on the behavior of a laterally loaded pile is investigated analytically in nondimensional terms. A modulus of subgrade reaction is used to define the soil stiffness; the stiffness of the surface layer is defined in terms of that of the underlying layer. The complete range of relative stiffness and relative thickness of the two layers is investigated. The surface layer is shown to exert an overwhelming influence on the behavior of a soil-pile system.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of a single pile to moment or lateral thrust is analyzed considering the surrounding soil to be an elastic-plastic continuum, and a nonlinear load-deflection response is predicted that is similar in nature to observed field behavior.
Abstract: Response of a single pile to moment or lateral thrust is analyzed considering the surrounding soil to be an elastic-plastic continuum. The soil mass is considered to be elastic with progressive zones of yielding developing, depending on an arbitrary yield criterion. Curves for a typical example are presented showing pile loading and deflection versus depth, as well as load versus lateral deflection at the ground surface. A nonlinear load-deflection response is predicted that is similar in nature to observed field behavior.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the wave equation method of pile driving analysis is used to predict load capacities and various parameters that enter into the equation for resistance to penetration are reviewed, and an attempt is made to establish limiting values for the parameters.
Abstract: The wave equation method of pile driving analysis is used to predict load capacities. A description of the wave equation is given, followed by an examination of the nature of the resistance to penetration into the soil. The various parameters that enter into the equation for resistance to penetration are reviewed, and an attempt is made to establish limiting values for the parameters. Finally, results of the attempt to correlate the driving record with the static load tests for 24 cases using the wave equation are presented. It was found that the use of the wave equation, in conjunction with static methods, shows promise as a means of predicting pile load capacities.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a laterally loaded free-head pile embedded in a two-layer soil system, using an elastic approach, is presented, and it is concluded that pile flexibility factor, thickness of surface layer, and elastic properties of the layers govern the lateral response of a pile.
Abstract: Typical results for pile head displacement and maximum moment in nondimensional terms, for a laterally loaded free-head pile embedded in a two-layer soil system, using elastic approach, is presented. It is concluded that pile flexibility factor, thickness of surface layer, and elastic properties of the layers govern the lateral response of a pile. Depth of surface layer controlling the behavior of a pile depends significantly on pile flexibility factor and stiffness of the surface layer. Reductions in pile head displacement for flexible pile and maximum moment for relatively stiff pile, which are beneficial in practice, are greatly achieved by a stiff surface layer extending one-tenth the length of a pile. An illustrative example is solved to show the applicability of the results.
26 citations