Latitudinal gradients as natural laboratories to infer species' responses to temperature
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..., 2011; Swenson and Enquist, 2007) and to predict large-scale ecosystem shifts due to climate change (Elser et al., 2010; Frenne et al., 2013)....
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...…the forces that structure larger scale biodiversity gradients (Belmaker and Jetz, 2013; Han et al., 2005; Reich, 2005; Reich and Oleksyn, 2004; Safi et al., 2011; Swenson and Enquist, 2007) and to predict large-scale ecosystem shifts due to climate change (Elser et al., 2010; Frenne et al., 2013)....
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...Unraveling patterns of diversity across macroclimatic gradients, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), is a way to anticipate the effects of climate change (Algar et al., 2009; Frenne et al., 2013)....
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References
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...Human influence, of which habitat fragmentation, loss and deterioration are probably most important, affect the population dynamics and abundance of numerous species as well as patterns of biodiversity (Fahrig 2003)....
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...Also, the process of post-glacial recolonization in the Northern hemisphere has generated a latitudinal pattern of genetic differentiation, with northernmost populations usually showing reduced neutral genetic diversity (Hewitt 2000; Davis & Shaw 2001)....
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...…common gardens stresses – at least within these study species – the importance of directional selection and adaptation to local environmental factors (Kawecki & Ebert 2004; Leimu & Fischer 2008; Montesinos-Navarro et al. 2011) which might affect the ability of these plant populations to respond…...
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