Le coût de la distribution de l'eau Méthode et application à l'irrigation
01 Jan 2002-
TL;DR: In this article, a methode de calcul du cout de mobilisation de l'eau pour l'irrigation, appele cout financier, is presented.
Abstract: Resume — Cet article presente une methode de calcul du cout de mobilisation de l'eau pour l'irrigation, appele cout financier. Ce travail est motive par la recherche d'une meilleure gestion des credits prives et publics alloues a l'irrigation, et par la necessite de pouvoir comparer objectivement les couts de differents systemes ou methodes d'irrigation. Le cout financier se decompose en trois parties d'importance variable selon les reseaux d’irrigation : cout du capital, cout d'exploitation et cout de maintenance. On utilise pour cela les methodes d'actualisation, et l'on indique comment on peut comparer simplement entre eux des investissements de durees de vie differentes. A titre d'illustration, cette methode est appliquee a plusieurs reseaux d’irrigation, pour lesquels on detaille la structure de cout. Il est note qu'aucune generalite ne peut etre deduite de la comparaison de ces quelques exemples chiffres.
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TL;DR: In this article, a simulation tool that takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes is used to evaluate the sustainability of self-governing irrigation schemes in the Senegal River Delta.
Abstract: The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.
34 citations
References
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01 Jan 1995
309 citations
Book•
01 Feb 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present water pricing experiences across 22 countries in various sectors and over time and identify the development of formal transferable water rights and water markets as crucial issues to consider for managing water resources in the future.
Abstract: This report presents water pricing experiences across 22 countries in various sectors and over time. Country case studies provide a perspective of recent and future water pricing and water management issues. These studies show that countries have different reasons for charging for water, including cost recovery, redistribution of income, improvement of water allocation, and water conservation. Most countries are now gradually turning over management responsibilities of water supplies to private enterprises and nongovernmental organizations. Some countries are developing legal frameworks to decentralize water management, and encouraging the private sector to become involved through incentives. Still their water supply authorities have the power to set and adjust water rates. A large majority are implementing price schemes to recover operation and maintenance costs from users, and some are also recovering at least a portion of capital costs. Almost all country reports discuss the need for volumetric pricing, metering, moving away from uniform tariffs, and abolishing minimum prices. Many specify the need to significantly increase water charges to all users. The report identifies the development of formal transferable water rights and water markets as crucial issues to consider for managing water resources in the future. The report also recognizes the need to provide incentives to water suppliers and consumers, and the use of measures to protect the environment, such as pollution taxes. Other price-related issues are mentioned such as pricing for irrigation water of different quality, adjusting charges to reflect regional differences in water supply costs, and charging the end-user for safer drinking water by including treatment costs in the water tariff.
170 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Water pricing is an important way of improving water allocation and encouraging users to conserve scarce water resources as mentioned in this paper, and presents water pricing experiences across 22 countries in various sectors and over time.
Abstract: Water pricing is an important way of improving water allocation and encouraging users to conserve scarce water resources. This work presents water pricing experiences across 22 countries in various sectors and over time. Country cases studies are presented in a structured form allowing easy comparison of result.
81 citations
Posted Content•
21 Jul 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine and interprets results from a number of studies that were designed to help the Egyptian government formulate a rational approach to sharing the costs of water services among the beneficiaries-agriculture and other users-and government.
Abstract: Combines and interprets results from a number of studies that were designed to help the Egyptian government formulate a rational approach to sharing the costs of water services among the beneficiaries-agriculture and other users-and government. Highlights lessons transferable to other countries.
57 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a sound, careful methodology for project analysis of agricultural projects, which is interactive, going back and adjusting earlier decisions based on what is learned, and the sequence of topics presented generally follows the order of the analytical process in preparing a financial and then an economic, analysis of an agricultural project.
Abstract: Increasing the growth and efficiency of the agricultural and rural sectors of the developing countries is of prime concern to the international community. The large quantities of scarce resources, both people and money, that will be required for progress in this area must be used efficiently. In view of this, the book presents a sound, careful methodology for project analysis. The process is interactive, going back and adjusting earlier decisions based on what is learned. The sequence of topics presented generally follows the order of the analytical process in preparing a financial, and then an economic, analysis of an agricultural project. It does not consider in detail the technical, institutional, social, or commercial aspects. The following topics are examined: (i) costs and benefits; (ii) finding market prices; (iii) transforming these prices into accounts; (iv) preparing and projecting farm budgets; (v) preparing and projecting budgets for agricultural processing industries; (vi) estimating the effect on government revenue; (vii) adjusting market prices; (viii) aggregation of economic values; and (ix) estimating returns to be realized by individuals and by society. A set of generalized guidelines is included.
12 citations