Dissertation•
Le temps du "devoir de mémoire" des années 1970 à nos jours
10 Nov 2014-
TL;DR: The role des medias, des acteurs politiques, ainsi que des militants de la memoire is analyzed in this paper for comprendre la place et les sens de ce referent social qui formalise un nouveau rapport au passe des contemporains.
Abstract: La these est consacree a l’histoire de l’expression « devoir de memoire », des annees 1970 a nos jours. Ce neologisme s’elabore dans le contexte de nouveaux usages du mot « memoire », sans lien avec la memoire de la Shoah, avant de devenir une formulaire du discours social au debut des annees 1990, a l’occasion du debat sur la reconnaissance officielle du role de Vichy dans la persecution et l’extermination des Juifs. Le role des medias, des acteurs politiques, ainsi que des militants de la memoire est analyse pour comprendre la place et les sens de ce referent social qui formalise un nouveau rapport au passe des contemporains. Pour mener ce travail, les sources audiovisuelles, celles de la presse ecrite, du secretariat d’Etat aux Anciens combattants, et des associations ont ete exploitees, completees par de nombreux entretiens.
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Book•
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Marker as mentioned in this paper provides a stylistic analysis of one of the American theatre's most fascinating practitioners, Belasco, in the context of the work of the Russian Art Theatre.
Abstract: of his career but also, and more significantly, claiming that here she is providing 'for the first time, a stylistic analysis of one of the American theatre's most fascinating practitioners.' That she has this justification depends, partly at least, on the fact that his plays and productions have commonly been regarded as belonging largely, if not indeed exclusively, to the realm of the popular stage, whereas she seeks to draw them within the orbit of those revolutionary endeavours which in divers European countries sought to establish a new theatrical 'naturalism' both in play composition and in play presentation the avant-garde activities to be found in the work of the Moscow Art Theatre, the Danish Theatre Royal, the French Theatre Libre, and the German Freie Blihne. That her endeavour is indeed fully warranted is demonstrated by the fact that when, for example, the Russian company and its companion organizations visited the United States various critics stressed their belief that its prod uctions 'had nothing new to teach Broadway.' Still more significant is the fact that Stanislavski himself put the seal of his approval on the activities of the American directorplaywright by actually making him an honorary member of the Moscow troupe. No doubt labels in themselves are of little or minor consequence, and no doubt on occasion they can prove misleading: yet it is of importance that we should teach ourselves how properly to interpret and evaluate outstanding achievements such as those manifested by such men as Belasco, and here Mrs Marker's study must be regarded as indeed a most valuable and accomplished textbook, or guidebook, call it which we will (ALLARDYCE NICOLL)
591 citations
249 citations
01 Aug 2011
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of Italian-Jewish selfrepresentation, evaluating the causes that led to a "repression" and "concealment of the trauma" in the first decades after the war, is presented.
Abstract: example. The UCII then took a pro-active role, seeking and identifying a non-Jewish historian to produce a history of the persecutions that the Committee would underwrite and disseminate. This, then, is the origin ofRenzoDeFelice’s Storia degli ebrei in Italia sotto il fascismo, researched and written in just over one year and first published in 1961. Schwarz sees De Felice’s book as, inevitably, reaffirming the vision of Italy as the ‘victim itself of a racial delirium considered decidedly foreign to its own sensibility and history’ (p. 163); he is more severe regarding De Felice’s defence of this view years later, in subsequent editions. Schwarz devotes the final chapter and conclusion to a discussion of Italian-Jewish selfrepresentation, evaluating the causes that led to a ‘repression’ and ‘concealment of the trauma’ (p. 175) in the first decades after the war. Among these was the need, shared with all Italians, for a ‘reconciliatory memory’. Even more significant in the case of the Jews, according to Schwarz, was their adherence to the pact of emancipation that idealized Italy and reinforced the perspective that Jews should show gratitude and prove worthy of their promotion into society. Only since the 1980s, he contends, have new ways of conceiving citizenship, and the consequences of Israeli politics, worked to dislodge the emancipation paradigm. Schwarz concludes with a reflection on the fragility of a modern Jewish identity grounded too firmly in the Shoah. This is an extremely thoughtful and well-documented work, a must-read for those interested in Italian Jewish history, certainly, but also contemporary Italian history and historiography in general. The English edition is a somewhat modified and expanded version of the original Italian version that appeared in 2004. The translation by Giovanni Noor Mazhar reads extremely well, suffering from only very occasional infelicities of tense or word choice. The book does not present itself in a particularly neat package: a major shift in perspective and sources occurs between Parts 1 and 2; chapters range in length from five to thirty-three pages; and the time period announced in the preface (1943–61) proves misleading by the end, when the concluding discussion extends to the 1980s–1990s and beyond. Because the revision of historiographical and popular perspectives on the Fascist anti-Jewish campaign and the discrediting of the idea of Italian exceptionalism are a crucial endpoint of this story, it would have been helpful if the author had not limited himself to brief references to the recent scholarship in these areas. These remain minor points, however, and what should be emphasized is that Schwarz’s ambitious, probing study substantially advances our understanding of Jewish experience, self-representation and self-understanding after Mussolini.
12 citations
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TL;DR: The Nation and its Peasants and its Outcasts173Ch. 10The National State200Ch. 11Communities and the Nation220Notes241Bibliography263Index273.
Abstract: Preface and AcknowledgmentsCh. 1Whose Imagined Community?3Ch. 2The Colonial State14Ch. 3The Nationalist Elite35Ch. 4The Nation and Its Pasts76Ch. 5Histories and Nations95Ch. 6The Nation and Its Women116Ch. 7Women and the Nation135Ch. 8The Nation and Its Peasants158Ch. 9The Nation and Its Outcasts173Ch. 10The National State200Ch. 11Communities and the Nation220Notes241Bibliography263Index273
2,891 citations
TL;DR: This work surveys the vast terrain of ‘culturomics,’ focusing on linguistic and cultural phenomena that were reflected in the English language between 1800 and 2000, and shows how this approach can provide insights about fields as diverse as lexicography, the evolution of grammar, collective memory, the adoption of technology and the pursuit of fame.
Abstract: We constructed a corpus of digitized texts containing about 4% of all books ever printed. Analysis of this corpus enables us to investigate cultural trends quantitatively. We survey the vast terrain of 'culturomics,' focusing on linguistic and cultural phenomena that were reflected in the English language between 1800 and 2000. We show how this approach can provide insights about fields as diverse as lexicography, the evolution of grammar, collective memory, the adoption of technology, the pursuit of fame, censorship, and historical epidemiology. Culturomics extends the boundaries of rigorous quantitative inquiry to a wide array of new phenomena spanning the social sciences and the humanities.
2,257 citations
Book•
15 Nov 1997
TL;DR: Hirsch explores the photographic conventions for constructing family relationships and discusses artistic strategies for challenging those constructions as mentioned in this paper, highlighting the gap between lived reality and a perceived ideal to witness contradictions that shape visual representations.
Abstract: Family photographs, snapshots and portraits, affixed to the refrigerator or displayed in gilded frames, crammed into shoeboxes or catalogued in albums, they preserve ancestral history and perpetuate memories. Indeed, photography has become the family's primary means of self-representation. In this book Marianne Hirsch uncovers both the deception and the power behind this visual record. Hirsch explores the photographic conventions for constructing family relationships and discusses artistic strategies for challenging those constructions. When we capture our family photographically, we are often responding to an idealized image. Contemporary artists and writers, Hirsch shows, have exposed the gap between lived reality and a perceived ideal to witness contradictions that shape visual representations of parents and children, siblings, lovers, or extended families. Exploring fiction, imagetexts, and photographic essays, she elucidates their subversive devices, giving particular attention to literal and metaphorical masks. While permitting false impressions and misreadings, family photos have also proved a means for shaping personal and cultural memory. Hirsch highlights an example: the wide variety of family pictures surviving the Holocaust and the displacements of late-20th-century history. Whether personal treasures, artistic constructions, or museum installations, these images link private memory to collective history.
1,322 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The Ethics of Individuality as mentioned in this paper is an ethical principle that states that individuals should be able to define their own identity according to their own beliefs and beliefs.Pas mentioned in this paperACE ix Chapter One: The Ethics of individuality 1 THE GREAT EXPERIMENT--LIBERTY and INDIVIDUALITY--PLANS OF LIFE--The SOUL OF THE SERVITOR-- SOCIAL CHOICES--INVENTION and AUTHENTICITY--The SOCIAL SCRIPTORIUM--ETHICS in IDENTITY--INDIVIDUITY AND THE STATE--The
Abstract: PREFACE ix Chapter One: The Ethics of Individuality 1 THE GREAT EXPERIMENT--LIBERTY AND INDIVIDUALITY--PLANS OF LIFE--THE SOUL OF THE SERVITOR-- SOCIAL CHOICES--INVENTION AND AUTHENTICITY--THE SOCIAL SCRIPTORIUM-- ETHICS IN IDENTITY--INDIVIDUALITY AND THE STATE--THE COMMON PURSUIT Chapter Two: Autonomy and Its Critics 36 WHAT AUTONOMY DEMANDS--AUTONOMY AS INTOLERANCE--AUTONOMY AGONISTES--THE TWO STANDPOINTS-- AGENCY AND THE INTERESTS OF THEORY Chapter Three: The Demands of Identity 62 LEARNING HOW TO CURSE--THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL IDENTITIES--MILLET MULTICULTURALISM--AUTONOMISM, PLURALISM, NEUTRALISM-- A FIRST AMENDMENT EXAMPLE: THE ACCOMMODATIONIST PROGRAM--NEUTRALITY RECONSIDERED--THE LANGUAGE OF RECOGNITION--THE MEDUSA SYNDROME--LIMITS AND PARAMETERS Chapter Four: The Trouble with Culture 114 MAKING UP THE DIFFERENCE--IS CULTURE A GOOD?--THE PRESERVATIONIST ETHIC--NEGATION AS AFFIRMATION-- THE DIVERSITY PRINCIPLE Chapter Five: Soul Making 155 SOULS AND THE STATE--THE SELF-MANAGEMENT CARD--RATIONAL WELL-BEING--IRRATIONAL IDENTITIES-- SOUL MAKING AND STEREOTYPES--EDUCATED SOULS--CONFLICTS OVER IDENTITY CLAIMS Chapter Six: Rooted Cosmopolitanism 213 A WORLDWIDE WEB--RUTHLESS COSMOPOLITANS--ETHICAL PARTIALITY--TWO CONCEPTS OF OBLIGATION--COSMOPOLITAN PATRIOTISM-- CONFRONTATION AND CONVERSATION--RIVALROUS GOODS, RIVALROUS GODS--TRAVELING TALES--GLOBALIZING HUMAN RIGHTS--COSMOPOLITAN CONVERSATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 273 NOTES 277 INDEX 341
1,244 citations