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Dissertation

Le temps du "devoir de mémoire" des années 1970 à nos jours

10 Nov 2014-
TL;DR: The role des medias, des acteurs politiques, ainsi que des militants de la memoire is analyzed in this paper for comprendre la place et les sens de ce referent social qui formalise un nouveau rapport au passe des contemporains.
Abstract: La these est consacree a l’histoire de l’expression « devoir de memoire », des annees 1970 a nos jours. Ce neologisme s’elabore dans le contexte de nouveaux usages du mot « memoire », sans lien avec la memoire de la Shoah, avant de devenir une formulaire du discours social au debut des annees 1990, a l’occasion du debat sur la reconnaissance officielle du role de Vichy dans la persecution et l’extermination des Juifs. Le role des medias, des acteurs politiques, ainsi que des militants de la memoire est analyse pour comprendre la place et les sens de ce referent social qui formalise un nouveau rapport au passe des contemporains. Pour mener ce travail, les sources audiovisuelles, celles de la presse ecrite, du secretariat d’Etat aux Anciens combattants, et des associations ont ete exploitees, completees par de nombreux entretiens.
Citations
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Book
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: Marker as mentioned in this paper provides a stylistic analysis of one of the American theatre's most fascinating practitioners, Belasco, in the context of the work of the Russian Art Theatre.
Abstract: of his career but also, and more significantly, claiming that here she is providing 'for the first time, a stylistic analysis of one of the American theatre's most fascinating practitioners.' That she has this justification depends, partly at least, on the fact that his plays and productions have commonly been regarded as belonging largely, if not indeed exclusively, to the realm of the popular stage, whereas she seeks to draw them within the orbit of those revolutionary endeavours which in divers European countries sought to establish a new theatrical 'naturalism' both in play composition and in play presentation the avant-garde activities to be found in the work of the Moscow Art Theatre, the Danish Theatre Royal, the French Theatre Libre, and the German Freie Blihne. That her endeavour is indeed fully warranted is demonstrated by the fact that when, for example, the Russian company and its companion organizations visited the United States various critics stressed their belief that its prod uctions 'had nothing new to teach Broadway.' Still more significant is the fact that Stanislavski himself put the seal of his approval on the activities of the American directorplaywright by actually making him an honorary member of the Moscow troupe. No doubt labels in themselves are of little or minor consequence, and no doubt on occasion they can prove misleading: yet it is of importance that we should teach ourselves how properly to interpret and evaluate outstanding achievements such as those manifested by such men as Belasco, and here Mrs Marker's study must be regarded as indeed a most valuable and accomplished textbook, or guidebook, call it which we will (ALLARDYCE NICOLL)

591 citations

Book
01 Jan 2007

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of Italian-Jewish selfrepresentation, evaluating the causes that led to a "repression" and "concealment of the trauma" in the first decades after the war, is presented.
Abstract: example. The UCII then took a pro-active role, seeking and identifying a non-Jewish historian to produce a history of the persecutions that the Committee would underwrite and disseminate. This, then, is the origin ofRenzoDeFelice’s Storia degli ebrei in Italia sotto il fascismo, researched and written in just over one year and first published in 1961. Schwarz sees De Felice’s book as, inevitably, reaffirming the vision of Italy as the ‘victim itself of a racial delirium considered decidedly foreign to its own sensibility and history’ (p. 163); he is more severe regarding De Felice’s defence of this view years later, in subsequent editions. Schwarz devotes the final chapter and conclusion to a discussion of Italian-Jewish selfrepresentation, evaluating the causes that led to a ‘repression’ and ‘concealment of the trauma’ (p. 175) in the first decades after the war. Among these was the need, shared with all Italians, for a ‘reconciliatory memory’. Even more significant in the case of the Jews, according to Schwarz, was their adherence to the pact of emancipation that idealized Italy and reinforced the perspective that Jews should show gratitude and prove worthy of their promotion into society. Only since the 1980s, he contends, have new ways of conceiving citizenship, and the consequences of Israeli politics, worked to dislodge the emancipation paradigm. Schwarz concludes with a reflection on the fragility of a modern Jewish identity grounded too firmly in the Shoah. This is an extremely thoughtful and well-documented work, a must-read for those interested in Italian Jewish history, certainly, but also contemporary Italian history and historiography in general. The English edition is a somewhat modified and expanded version of the original Italian version that appeared in 2004. The translation by Giovanni Noor Mazhar reads extremely well, suffering from only very occasional infelicities of tense or word choice. The book does not present itself in a particularly neat package: a major shift in perspective and sources occurs between Parts 1 and 2; chapters range in length from five to thirty-three pages; and the time period announced in the preface (1943–61) proves misleading by the end, when the concluding discussion extends to the 1980s–1990s and beyond. Because the revision of historiographical and popular perspectives on the Fascist anti-Jewish campaign and the discrediting of the idea of Italian exceptionalism are a crucial endpoint of this story, it would have been helpful if the author had not limited himself to brief references to the recent scholarship in these areas. These remain minor points, however, and what should be emphasized is that Schwarz’s ambitious, probing study substantially advances our understanding of Jewish experience, self-representation and self-understanding after Mussolini.

12 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, le requisitoire des Repentants is described as "a new generation of antifree colonialists, who mene combat for denoncer le peche capital que nous devons tous expier : notre passe colonial, a nous Francais. Battons notre coulpe, car la liste de nos crimes est longue! Nous avons pressure les colonies pour nourrir notre prosperite, les laissant exsangues a l'heure de leur independance ; n
Abstract: "Apres celle de la guerre d'Algerie, une nouvelle generation d'anticolonialistes s'est levee, qui mene combat pour denoncer le peche capital que nous devons tous expier : notre passe colonial, a nous Francais. Battons notre coulpe, car la liste de nos crimes est longue ! Nous avons pressure les colonies pour nourrir notre prosperite, les laissant exsangues a l'heure de leur independance ; nous avons fait venir les « indigenes » au lendemain des deux guerres mondiales pour reconstruire la France, quitte a les sommer de s'en aller quand nous n'avions plus besoin d'eux ; surtout, nous avons bâti cet empire colonial dans le sang et les larmes, puisque la colonisation a ete rien moins qu'une entreprise de genocide : Jules Ferry, c'etait deja, Hitler ! Contreverites, billevesees, bricolage... voila en quoi consiste le requisitoire des Repentants, que l'auteur de ce livre, specialiste de l'Algerie coloniale et professeur d'histoire a l'universite Paris-8, a entrepris de demonter, a l'aide des bons vieux outils de l'historien —les sources, les chiffres, le contexte. Pas pour se faire le chantre de la colonisation, mais pour en finir avec la repentance, avant qu'elle transforme notre Histoire en un album bien commode a feuilleter, ou s'affrontent les gentils et les mechants."

32 citations