Lead-acid battery for HEV using fuzzy controller and ultracapacitor
01 Jan 2016-pp 1-5
TL;DR: From this work a well suitable solution for battery management system for the HEV, which can enhance the battery life and is implemented and verified using Matlab/Simulink platform.
Abstract: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) technology is most upcoming in automobile industries, to reduce the pollution and fuel consumption. Lead acid batteries are mostly used in the automobile industries, because of its high efficiency and low cost. However a major problem can arise in the lead-acid battery is sulfation, which occurs because of improper charging and discharging. Sulfation is a chemical reaction that happened inside the lead-acid batteries but it can reconstruct without chemical experiment. The main intension of this proposed work is to develop a Battry Management system for (HEV), to increase life of battery . In the proposed work , lead-acid battery is coupled with the ultracapacitor along with an intelligent controller scheme. For controlling charging and discharging of battery a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique used along with a fuzzy controller. The parameter considered in the control scheme are temperature, voltage, current etc., based on this the pulse signal will be generated. The overall proposed system can enhance the life time of the lead-acid battery. From this work we obtained a well suitable solution for battery management system for the HEV, which can enhance the battery life .The proposed system is implemented and verified using Matlab/Simulink platform.
Citations
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27 Apr 2019
TL;DR: The effectiveness of proposed hybrid energy storage method in qZSI for the induction motor drive system is verified and validated via simulation and hardware experiment results where it is shown the battery current stress is reduced to approximately more than 50%.
Abstract: The energy storage system of many commercially available hybrid electric vehicle or pure electric vehicle is composed of only battery packs with a bidirectional dc-dc converter connected to the high voltage dc bus. In order to further improve fuel consumption efficiency, topologies to hybridize energy storage system for electrical vehicle have been developed. With these various combinations of energy storage, one common feature can be seen; which is to efficiently combine one fast response energy storage device with high power density and slow response device with high energy density. In relation to this, the Quasi Z-source inverter (qZSI) topology has gained attention as an alternative to the conventional voltage source inverter in many applications such as the electrical motor drive system. Apart from offering a single stage DC-DC-AC conversion, it offers a flexible way on how the hybrid energy storage can be introduced to the system. In this research, a new combination of battery/supercapacitor as HES with qZSI applied for the induction motor drive system is investigated. The effectiveness of proposed hybrid energy storage method in qZSI for the induction motor drive system is verified and validated via simulation and hardware experiment results where it is shown the battery current stress is reduced to approximately more than 50%.
4 citations
TL;DR: Improved regenerative braking system introduced which is simple, efficient and efficient due to less power losses in between BLDC motor and ESS without using of buck or boost system to minimized the losses.
Abstract: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is the most advance technology in automobile industries but long drive range in HEV is still a problem due to limited battery life. Regenerative braking system used in HEV to give backup power in deceleration mode which not only make HEV to drive longer but also increase the battery life cycle by charging of ultra-capacitor. Many researches have been done for increase the life cycle of battery by improvement in regenerative braking system where regenerated energy not fully returned to battery due to power losses are experienced in between such as losses in the motor armature and switching. In proposed system, improved regenerative braking system introduced which is simple, efficient due to less power losses in between BLDC motor and ESS without using of buck or boost system to minimized the losses. In regenerative braking mode, energy can be boosted by using of motor induction in winding by using H-bridge switches technic in inverter and transfer energy to ESS with minimum losses. These switches controlled by PWM through fuzzy logic controller. In resultant, battery working time and life will improve.
4 citations
Cites methods from "Lead-acid battery for HEV using fuz..."
...Super-capacitor or Ultra-capacitor used to assist the battery power in acceleration mode of vehicle when more power required [14]....
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TL;DR: The study has shown that this configuration with an ultracapacitor battery connected in parallel to the accumulator improves energy efficiency of the electric vehicles and the existence of the optimum point has been proven; the difference of energy consumption at this point has be demonstrated in numbers.
Abstract: The electric vehicle with an independent power supply is the object of this research. At present, such vehicles are becoming more popular in the automobile market, pushing out their rivals with internal combustion engines, owing to their superior energy efficiency. The advantage over the internal combustion engine vehicles being obvious, the efficiency of electric vehicles is still considerably low in comparison to other electric devices. The problem that causes these limitations lies in the power supply – li-ion accumulator – which has high impedance.In order to solve this disadvantage, the system with an ultracapacitor battery connected in parallel to the accumulator was considered using an example of the electric scooter drive with a squirrel-caged induction motor. Ultracapacitors have significantly lesser impedance than accumulators, thus they carry with themselves most of instant load during acceleration and braking when a power source supplies the highest currents.Our study has shown that this configuration improves energy efficiency of the electric vehicles. Moreover, there is an optimal amount of ultracapacitor capacitance for achieving the best efficiency (the lowest energy consumption). This follows from the fact that an ultracapacitor battery is a rather heavy object; a significant increase in its capacitance leads to the increased vehicle weight and thus enhances energy consumption. An additional modernized system of supply was considered at which ultracapacitor’s charging is accelerated during vehicle stops. Such a system has made it possible to improve the results and decrease energy consumption even larger.Compared to previous studies, this research demonstrates the importance of correct choice of ultracapacitor capacitance and supply distribution system. The existence of the optimum point has been proven; the difference of energy consumption at this point has been demonstrated in numbers.
01 Oct 2017
TL;DR: The study of the efficiency of energy transformation in induction motor electric drives has been conducted for both options of power supply: with supercapacitor and without it, to evaluate the benefits of using super capacitor and to suggest the area of implementing super capacitor in electric drives.
Abstract: In modern transport industry there is a tendency for electric vehicles with independent power supply to increase their amount, particularly it seems to appear in the fast development of electric cars. Nevertheless, there are still some flaws in electric vehicle drives to be improved. The element of an electric drive that limits the performance of the vehicle is almost always power supply. Li-Ion accumulators, which are most often chosen for this role, despite their good energy characteristics, have high impedance that causes great heat losses on the battery. Connecting a super capacitor, which has lower dc resistance, in-parallel with the accumulator can eliminate this drawback. In this work the study of the efficiency of energy transformation in induction motor electric drives has been conducted for both options of power supply: with supercapacitor and without it. The results of this study help to evaluate the benefits of using supercapacitor and to suggest the area of implementing supercapacitor in electric drives.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was used to estimate the battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power of a hybrid electric vehicle battery pack.
1,636 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present state-of-the-art energy storage topologies for hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) and compare battery, UC, and fuel cell technologies.
Abstract: The fuel economy and all-electric range (AER) of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are highly dependent on the onboard energy-storage system (ESS) of the vehicle. Energy-storage devices charge during low power demands and discharge during high power demands, acting as catalysts to provide energy boost. Batteries are the primary energy-storage devices in ground vehicles. Increasing the AER of vehicles by 15% almost doubles the incremental cost of the ESS. This is due to the fact that the ESS of HEVs requires higher peak power while preserving high energy density. Ultracapacitors (UCs) are the options with higher power densities in comparison with batteries. A hybrid ESS composed of batteries, UCs, and/or fuel cells (FCs) could be a more appropriate option for advanced hybrid vehicular ESSs. This paper presents state-of-the-art energy-storage topologies for HEVs and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs). Battery, UC, and FC technologies are discussed and compared in this paper. In addition, various hybrid ESSs that combine two or more storage devices are addressed.
1,490 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was proposed to estimate the battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power of a hybrid-electric-vehicle battery pack.
1,260 citations
07 Aug 2002
TL;DR: An overview of the present status of electric and hybrid vehicles worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies is provided.
Abstract: In a world where environment protection and energy conservation are growing concerns, the development of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) has taken on an accelerated pace. The dream of having commercially viable EVs and HEVs is becoming a reality. EVs and HEVs are gradually available in the market. This paper will provide an overview of the present status of electric and hybrid vehicles worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage, and controls and also the importance of the integration of society strength from government, industry, research institutions, electric power utilities, and transportation authorities are addressed. The challenge of EV commercialization is discussed.
1,046 citations
"Lead-acid battery for HEV using fuz..." refers background in this paper
...The Electric vehicle (EV) technology has reduced the pollution level as well as it does not require Liquid fuels [2]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the main results of studies that have been carried out, during a period of more than a decade, at University of Pisa in co-operation with other technical Italian institutions, about models of electrochemical batteries suitable for the use of the electrical engineer, in particular for the analysis of electrical systems with batteries.
Abstract: This paper documents the main results of studies that have been carried out, during a period of more than a decade, at University of Pisa in co-operation with other technical Italian institutions, about models of electrochemical batteries suitable for the use of the electrical engineer, in particular for the analysis of electrical systems with batteries. The problem of simulating electrochemical batteries by means of equivalent electric circuits is defined in a general way; then particular attention is then devoted to the problem of modeling of lead-acid batteries. For this kind of battery, a general model structure is defined from which specific models can be inferred, having different degrees of complexity and simulation quality. In particular, the implementation of the third-order model, that shows a good compromise between complexity and precision, is developed in detail. The behavior of the proposed models is compared with results obtained with extensive lab tests on different types of lead-acid batteries.
592 citations