Leaf protein as human food
About: This article is published in The Lancet.The article was published on 1960-03-26. It has received 10 citations till now.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In spite of a slight slackening of the worlds population growth rate, the world population is still projected to reach a peak of from 9-12 billion by the turn of the century; this would put enormous strain on the Earths finite resources and ultimately lead to catastrophic mortality rates.
Abstract: In spite of a slight slackening of the worlds population growth rate the worlds population is still projected to reach a peak of from 9-12 billion by the turn of the century; this would put enormous strain on the Earths finite resources and ultimately lead to catastrophic mortality rates. Forecasts on food production show that population growth rates in some regions particularly South Asia and tropical Africa are outstripping rate of increases in food supply; developing areas are projected to resort to very large increases in food importation in order to feed the hungry population. Another problem is the rapid deterioration of the ecological system. Many species which are of potential value to man (in terms of potential sources of food fiber drug chemicals) are rapidly being exterminated by man in the name of development projects. Other areas of concern include the need to develop and install new energy technologies to replace conventional ones; development of more efficient transportation and communication systems; improving facilities for production of consumer goods; and building more housing and commercial facilities for the growing population.
105 citations
Cites background from "Leaf protein as human food"
...…potential of novel food sources such as single-cell protein from bacteria or algae cultured on petroleum or sewage (e.g., Marx 1989), leaf protein (Pirie 1966), or food production by nuclear agro-industrial complexes (Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1968) has proven entirely correct (pp. 100–105),…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, an ecologist's overview of the deteriorating environmental situation is given, and the author describes areas where the activities of ecological economists seem appropriate (e.g., ecosystem service valuation, trade) and others requiring more attention (i.e., definitions of utility, social discounting, preserving population diversity, global toxification, the epidemiological environment, overpopulation, overconsumption, the economic impacts of nuclear explosions, and equilibration of opportunity costs when attempting to solve global dilemmas).
Abstract: This paper gives an ecologist's overview of the deteriorating environmental situation. It then describes areas where the activities of ecological economists seem appropriate (e.g., ecosystem service valuation, trade) and others requiring more attention (e.g., definitions of utility, social discounting, preserving population diversity, global toxification, the epidemiological environment, overpopulation, overconsumption, the economic impacts of nuclear explosions, and the equilibration of opportunity costs when attempting to solve global dilemmas). A general problem is the failure of ecological economists adequately to communicate their results and concerns to the general public and to decision makers. In view of the demonstrable failure of traditional economics to focus its attention on what will be the central issues of the twenty-first century, it is clear that ecological economics is in a position to become the central subdiscipline of economics. In order to do so, it is important for ecological economists to always keep the ‘big picture’ in view.
73 citations
Cites background from "Leaf protein as human food"
...We’re not feeding the world’s poor people on leaf protein (Pirie, 1966) or algae grown on sewage sludge, as was once proposed (although the latter may become a significant source of renewable energy)....
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TL;DR: The primary fractionation of green biomasses and the integrated production of proteins, fermentation media, animal feed, and biogas was projected and will be realized in a demonstration facility directly linked to the existing green crop drying plant, Selbelang, in Havelland.
Abstract: The Green Biorefinery (GBR) is a complex and full-integrated system of environment- and resource-protecting technologies for comprehensive material and energetic use of green biomasses. GBR's are multiproduct systems and perform and produce in accordance with the physiology of the corresponding plant material preserving and using the diversity of the synthesis generated by nature. In addition to the general biorefinery concept, GBR's are based strongly on sustainable principles (sustainable land use, sustainable raw materials, gentle technologies, autarkic energy supply, etc.). Existing agricultural structures of the green crop processing industry, such as green crop drying plants, offer good opportunities for the implementation of biorefinery technologies that will help overcoming energy-intensive and partially obsolete technologies, such as the thermal drying of feedstock. Accordingly, the primary fractionation of green biomasses and the integrated production of proteins, fermentation media, animal feed, and biogas was projected and will be realized in a demonstration facility directly linked to the existing green crop drying plant, Selbelang, in Havelland (Germany, state Brandenburg, 50 km west of Berlin). The primary refinery will have an annual capacity of 20 000 tons alfalfa and grass biomass and can be diversified in modules for the production of platform chemicals and synthesis gas.
We discuss the processes, products, operating costs and climate protection effects through examination of the basic engineering of the primary refinery. The production site and planned demonstration facility are also presented. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
65 citations
Book•
01 Oct 2011
TL;DR: This work focuses on the role of Aquatic Vegetation in Ecosystem Functioning and the problem of noxious growth of aquatic vegetation in the Indian subcontinent.
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- Section I. Diversity of Aquatic Habitats and Their Vegetation.- 2. Indian subcontinent and the aquatic subcontinent.- 3. Aquatic vegetation of the Indian subcontinent.- Section II. Ecology of Aquatic Vegetation.- 4. Ecology of plant populations. I. Growth.- 5. Ecology of plant populations. II. Reproduction.- 6. Structure and dynamics of plant communities.- Section III. Role of Aquatic Vegetation in Ecosystem Functioning.- 7. Primary production and energetics.- 8. Nutrient dynamics of aquatic plant communities.- Section IV. Management of Aquatic Vegetation.- 9. Traditional uses and the problem of noxious growth.- 10. Strategies for controlling noxious growth of aquatic vegetation.- 11. Conservation of aquatic plants.- 12. Conclusions and needs for future research.- Taxonomic index.
52 citations
TL;DR: The legumes were the best sources of easily extractable and good quality protein, but good results were also obtained with a few of the more common weeds, which in general yielded more protein than the leaves from existing crops.
Abstract: Extracts were made from the fresh leaves of 60 tropical species by mincing them and squeezing the resultant pulp through cotton cloth. Total-N and protein-N determinations were made on the extracted juice, and the percentages of total N and protein N extracted and total N remaining in the fibre were calculated. Small samples of crude protein were precipitated from the sap at 80° and analysed for total N.
The results are classified according to the extractability of protein N from the leaf and to the protein content of the product isolated. The legumes, most of which were specially grown, were the best sources of easily extractable and good quality protein, but good results were also obtained with a few of the more common weeds, which in general yielded more protein than the leaves from existing crops. Leaves of some species contained much mucilage or fibre, and it was difficult to make adequate extracts from them by the method described.
47 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how leaf protein is extracted in the specially-designed machinery at Rothamsted, discussing its nutritive value and outlines future research objectives, and discuss future research goals.
30 citations