Journal ArticleDOI
Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future
Lawren Sack,Christine Scoffoni +1 more
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TLDR
The development and plasticity of leaf venation and its adaptation across environments globally, and a new global data compilation indicating trends relating vein length per unit area to climate, growth form and habitat worldwide are described.Abstract:
The design and function of leaf venation are important to plant performance, with key implications for the distribution and productivity of ecosystems, and applications in paleobiology, agriculture and technology. We synthesize classical concepts and the recent literature on a wide range of aspects of leaf venation. We describe 10 major structural features that contribute to multiple key functions, and scale up to leaf and plant performance. We describe the development and plasticity of leaf venation and its adaptation across environments globally, and a new global data compilation indicating trends relating vein length per unit area to climate, growth form and habitat worldwide. We synthesize the evolution of vein traits in the major plant lineages throughout paleohistory, highlighting the multiple origins of individual traits. We summarize the strikingly diverse current applications of leaf vein research in multiple fields of science and industry. A unified core understanding will enable an increasing range of plant biologists to incorporate leaf venation into their research.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The world‐wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto
Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich +1 more
TL;DR: A single ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum that integrates across leaves, stems and roots is a key feature of the plant universe and helps to explain individual ecological strategies, community assembly processes and the functioning of ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomy of Seed Plants
TL;DR: Internal Organization of the Plant Body, from embryo to the Adult Plant, and some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem: Common Types of Secondary Growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aquaporins: Highly Regulated Channels Controlling Plant Water Relations
TL;DR: This Update integrates data and emphasizes the central role played by aquaporins in regulating plant water relations and demonstrates that variations in root and leaf hydraulic conductivity can be accounted for by Aquaporins but this must be integrated with anatomical considerations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Which is a better predictor of plant traits: temperature or precipitation?
Angela T. Moles,Sarah E. Perkins,Shawn W. Laffan,Habacuc Flores-Moreno,Monica Awasthy,Marianne L. Tindall,Lawren Sack,Andrew J. Pitman,Jens Kattge,Lonnie W. Aarssen,Madhur Anand,Michael Bahn,Benjamin Blonder,Jeannine Cavender-Bares,J. Hans C. Cornelissen,William K. Cornwell,Sandra Díaz,John B. Dickie,Grégoire T. Freschet,Joshua G. Griffiths,Alvaro G. Gutiérrez,Alvaro G. Gutiérrez,Frank A. Hemmings,Thomas Hickler,Timothy D. Hitchcock,Matthew Keighery,Michael Kleyer,Hiroko Kurokawa,Michelle R. Leishman,Kenwin Liu,Ülo Niinemets,Vladimir G. Onipchenko,Yusuke Onoda,Josep Peñuelas,Valério D. Pillar,Peter B. Reich,Satomi Shiodera,Andrew Siefert,Enio E. Sosinski,Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,Emily Swaine,Nathan G. Swenson,Peter M. van Bodegom,Laura Warman,Evan Weiher,Ian J. Wright,Hongxiang Zhang,Martin Zobel,Stephen P. Bonser +49 more
TL;DR: This work quantified the strength of the relationships between temperature and precipitation and 21 plant traits from 447,961 species-site combinations worldwide and used meta-analysis to provide an overall answer to the question.
Journal ArticleDOI
The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly
TL;DR: There appears to be a tractable upper limit to the dimensionality of plant traits, and it is recommended to measure traits from multiple organs whenever possible, especially leaf, stem, root and flowering traits, given their consistent performance in explaining community assembly across different ecosystems.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The worldwide leaf economics spectrum
Ian J. Wright,Peter B. Reich,Mark Westoby,David D. Ackerly,Zdravko Baruch,Frans Bongers,Jeannine Cavender-Bares,Terry Chapin,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen,M. Diemer,Jaume Flexas,Eric Garnier,Philip K. Groom,Javier Gulías,Kouki Hikosaka,Byron B. Lamont,Tali D. Lee,William G. Lee,Christopher H. Lusk,Jeremy J. Midgley,Marie-Laure Navas,Ülo Niinemets,Jacek Oleksyn,Jacek Oleksyn,Noriyuki Osada,Hendrik Poorter,Pieter Poot,Lynda D. Prior,Vladimir I. Pyankov,Catherine Roumet,Sean C. Thomas,Mark G. Tjoelker,Erik J. Veneklaas,Rafael Villar +33 more
TL;DR: Reliable quantification of the leaf economics spectrum and its interaction with climate will prove valuable for modelling nutrient fluxes and vegetation boundaries under changing land-use and climate.
Book
Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap
TL;DR: Xylem Dysfunction: When Cohesion Breaks Down, the Cohesion-Tension Theory of Sap Ascent and other Functional Adaptations.
Book
Anatomy of seed plants
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development of a seed from embryo to the adult plant, including the growth of the cell wall and the root growth in the secondary growth stages of the seed.
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