Learning during COVID-19: the role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence.
04 Mar 2021-Zeitschrift Fur Erziehungswissenschaft (Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden)-Vol. 24, Iss: 2, pp 1-26
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated differences in students who perceived themselves as high vs. low in competence with respect to these constructs and found that students who experienced themselves as highly competent use SRL strategies more often and are more intrinsically motivated than students with lower perceived competence.
Abstract: In March 2020 schools in Austria temporarily closed and switched to distance learning to contain the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The resulting situation posed great challenges to teachers, guardians and students (Huber and Helm 2020). Research has shown that perceived competence (Deci and Ryan 2000) affects selfregulated learning (SRL), intrinsic motivation and procrastination, however few studies have considered these variables in context of distance learning among adolescents. This study investigated differences in students who perceived themselves as high vs. low in competence with respect to these constructs. In an online questionnaire, 2652 Austrian secondary school students answered closed questions regarding SRL, intrinsic motivation and procrastination as well as open-ended questions about challenges, successes and need for support in distance. Structural equation modeling was applied for the quantitative analysis which was complemented by thematic analysis for the qualitative questions (Braun and Clarke 2006). Results showed that students who experienced themselves as highly competent use SRL strategies (goal setting and planning, time management, metacognitive strategies) more often and are more intrinsically motivated than students with lower perceived competence. They also procrastinate less. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed that although all students face similar challenges (e.g., independent learning, time and task management, learning on the computer, lack of contact with teachers and peers), students who perceived themselves as highly competent seemed to cope better, and have less need for support. Implications for distance learning and future research are discussed.
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TL;DR: In this article , a holistic view of research that investigated online learning in higher education around the globe during COVID-19 utilizing a bibliometric analysis was provided. But, the authors focused on the use of various technologies and strategies, redesigned curriculum, student perceptions and psychological impacts of the pandemic-imposed online learning.
Abstract: Abstract This paper aimed to provide a holistic view of research that investigated online learning in higher education around the globe during COVID‐19 utilizing a bibliometric analysis. The researchers used co‐citation analysis and text mining afforded by VOSviewer to document and analyze research patterns and topics reported in peer‐reviewed documents published between January 2020 and August 2021. Findings of this study indicated that scholars from 103 countries or regions from the Global North and Global South investigated a wide array of topics, such as use of various technologies and strategies, redesigned curriculum, student perceptions and psychological impacts of the pandemic‐imposed online learning. Many researchers applied technology acceptance theories and structural equation modeling to investigate factors associated with adoption and impacts of the pandemic‐imposed online learning. Of the large quantity of research, medical education and chemical education were the most investigated disciplines. Inquiry‐based learning, discovery learning, hands‐on learning and collaborative learning emerged as instructional approaches frequently discussed or utilized across the target studies. This paper discussed (a) ongoing and emerging challenges to online higher education, (b) placing innovative pedagogies at the forefront of online learning, and (c) rapid, but imbalanced distribution of evolving literature based on the findings. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Online learning had attracted growing traction as a flexible and affordable means to complement traditional higher education prior to COVID‐19. Higher education institutions (HEIs), faculty and students around the globe have encountered various challenges and opportunities regarding online teaching and learning during COVID‐19. What this paper adds A bird's‐eye‐view perspective of how HEIs around the globe responded to the pandemic‐imposed online teaching and learning using the bibliometric methodology. Identifications of a large body of research (n = 1061 documents) conducted by scholars from 103 countries or regions that investigated the pandemic‐imposed online higher education, indicating an unprecedented level of participation in this area. An analysis of distinct themes arising from research on the pandemic‐imposed online learning, such as medical education and psychological impact, chemistry curriculum and laboratory‐based instruction and technology acceptance model. Implications for practice and/or policy The large corpus of studies on online higher education from different aspects can provide cross‐disciplinary information guiding future research and design of online learning. With technology often conceptualized as the solution to support online learning, it is imperative to put innovative pedagogy at the forefront of the design of online teaching and learning.
56 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the moderating effect of child competence in independent learning in relation between the amount of learning assignment, length of online learning, and the number of classes required by the child.
Abstract: Research Findings: This study explored the moderating effect of child competence in independent learning in relations between the amount of learning assignment, length of online learning, and paren...
32 citations
University of Vienna1, Aleksandër Moisiu University2, Bedër University3, Central South University4, University of Turku5, Tallinn University6, University of Helsinki7, University of Bonn8, Technical University of Berlin9, University of Potsdam10, University of Akureyri11, Tsuru University12, Osaka University13, Osaka Kyoiku University14, Universiteti i Prishtinës15, University of Malta16, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje17, University of Gdańsk18, University of Wrocław19, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań20, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University21, Örebro University22, Pennsylvania State University23
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT's claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation.
30 citations
University of Vienna1, IEEE Computer Society2, University of Helsinki3, University of Bonn4, Technical University of Berlin5, Dublin City University6, University of Potsdam7, Panjab University, Chandigarh8, University of Wrocław9, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań10, University of Gdańsk11, Masaryk University12, Pennsylvania State University13
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify psychological characteristics that relate to adolescents' well-being in terms of positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and key characteristics of their learning behavior in a situation of unplanned, involuntary distance education.
Abstract: The sudden switch to distance education to contain the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered adolescents' lives around the globe. The present research aims to identify psychological characteristics that relate to adolescents' well-being in terms of positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and key characteristics of their learning behavior in a situation of unplanned, involuntary distance education. Following Self-Determination Theory, experienced competence, autonomy, and relatedness were assumed to relate to active learning behavior (i.e., engagement and persistence), and negatively relate to passive learning behavior (i.e., procrastination), mediated via positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation. Data were collected via online questionnaires in altogether eight countries from Europe, Asia, and North America (N = 25,305) and comparable results across countries were expected. Experienced competence was consistently found to relate to positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and, in turn, active learning behavior in terms of engagement and persistence. The study results further highlight the role of perceived relatedness for positive emotion. The high proportions of explained variance speak in favor of taking these central results into account when designing distance education in times of COVID-19.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the possibility that procrastinators have been impacted differently as compared to others, finding that the procrastinator is encountering a higher degree of challenges related to motivation as opposed to non-procrastinators.
27 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the adequacy of the conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice were examined, and the results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to.95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
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TL;DR: Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as mentioned in this paper maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being.
Abstract: Self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. We discuss the SDT concept of needs as it relates to previous need theories, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. This concept of needs leads to the hypotheses that different regulatory processes underlying goal pursuits are differentially associated with effective functioning and well-being and also that different goal contents have different relations to the quality of behavior and mental health, specifically because different regulatory processes and different goal contents are associated with differing degrees of need satisfaction. Social contexts and individual differences that support satisfaction of the basic needs facilitate natural growth processes including intrinsically motivated behavior and integration of extrinsic motivations, whereas those that forestall autonomy, competence, or relatedness are associated with poorer motivation, performance, and well-being. We also discuss the relation of the psychological needs to cultural values, evolutionary processes, and other contemporary motivation theories.
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