DOI•
Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs
01 Dec 2011-Iss: 32, pp 5-8
About: The article was published on 2011-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1252 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Working class.
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The concept of community of practice was not born in the systems theory tradition as discussed by the authors, but it has its roots in attempts to develop accounts of the social nature of human learning inspired by anthropology and social theory.
Abstract: The concept of community of practice was not born in the systems theory tradition. It has its roots in attempts to develop accounts of the social nature of human learning inspired by anthropology and social theory (Lave, 1988; Bourdieu, 1977; Giddens, 1984; Foucault, 1980; Vygotsky, 1978). But the concept of community of practice is well aligned with the perspective of systems traditions. A community of practice itself can be viewed as a simple social system. And a complex social system can be viewed as constituted by interrelated communities of practice. In this essay I first explore the systemic nature of the concept at these two levels. Then I use this foundation to look at the applications of the concept, some of its main critiques, and its potential for developing a social discipline of learning.
1,082 citations
Book•
27 Jun 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the Flatlands of Oakland and the Youth Control Complex are discussed. But the focus is on the role of black youth in the criminal justice system and community institutions.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgments Part I Hypercriminalization 1 Dreams Deferred: The Patterns of Punishment in Oakland 2 The Flatlands of Oakland and the Youth Control Complex 3 The Labeling Hype: Coming of Age in the Era of Mass Incarceration 4 The Coupling of Criminal Justice and Community Institutions Part II Consequences 5 "Dummy Smart": Misrecognition, Acting Out, and "Going Dumb" 6 Proving Manhood: Masculinity as a Rehabilitative Tool 7 Guilty by Association: Acting White or Acting Lawful? Conclusion: Toward a Youth Support Complex Appendix: Beyond Jungle-Book Tropes Notes References Index About the Author
909 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults and finds that for them, the transition from K to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to...
Abstract: This article examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults. For them, the transition to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to ...
663 citations
TL;DR: In this article, student engagement research, policy, and practice must become more nuanced and less formulaic, and the ensuing review is structured accordingly, guided in part by social-ecological analysis and social-cultural theory.
Abstract: Student engagement research, policy, and practice are even more important in today’s race-to-the top policy environment. With a priority goal of postsecondary completion with advanced competence, today’s students must be engaged longer and more deeply. This need is especially salient for students attending schools located in segregated, high-poverty neighborhoods and isolated rural communities. Here, engagement research, policy, and practice must become more nuanced and less formulaic, and the ensuing review is structured accordingly. Guided in part by social-ecological analysis and social-cultural theory, engagement is conceptualized as a dynamic system of social and psychological constructs as well as a synergistic process. This conceptualization invites researchers, policymakers, and school-community leaders to develop improvement models that provide a more expansive, engagement-focused reach into students’ family, peer, and neighborhood ecologies.
528 citations
Cites background or result from "Learning to Labour: How Working Cla..."
...In some of these studies, such differences result in student disengagement from school (e.g., Willis, 1977)....
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...Over time, these competing allegiances may severely constrain student engagement in school, heighten ambivalence, and increase disidentification (Eckert, 1989; Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; McLeod & Yates, 2006; Willis, 1977)....
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...These forms are manifest in mismatches between students’ individual and/ or collective identities and the habits and norms privileged by schools (Barron, 2006; Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Ogbu, 1995; Willis, 1977)....
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TL;DR: The Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study (LISA) as discussed by the authors used a mixed-methods approach, combining longitudinal, interdisciplinary, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to document adaptation patterns of 407 recently arrived immigrant youth from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico over the course of five years.
Abstract: Background/Context: Newcomer immigrant students are entering schools in the United States in unprecedented numbers. As they enter new school contexts, they face a number of challenges in their adjustment. Previous literature suggested that relationships in school play a particularly crucial role in promoting socially competent behavior in the classroom and in fostering academic engagement and school performance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the role of school-based relationships in engagement and achievement in a population of newcomer immigrant students. Research Design: The Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study (LISA) used a mixed-methods approach, combining longitudinal, interdisciplinary, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to document adaptation patterns of 407 recently arrived immigrant youth from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico over the course of five years. Based on data from the last year of the study, we examine how the role of relationships mediates newcomers’ challenges with academic engagement and performance. We identify factors that account for patterns of academic engagement and achievement, including country of origin, gender, maternal education, English language proficiency, and school-based relationships. Findings: Multiple regression analyses suggest that supportive school-based relationships strongly contribute to both the academic engagement and the school performance of the par
356 citations
Cites background from "Learning to Labour: How Working Cla..."
...…intense segregation by race and poverty (Orfield, 1998) tend to have schools that are overcrowded and understaffed, face high teacher and staff turnover, and are plagued by violence and hostile peer cultures (García-Coll & Magnuson, 1997; Mehan, Villanueva, Hubbard, & Lintz, 1996; Willis, 1977)....
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References
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01 Aug 2009
TL;DR: A distinctive perspective is developed that suggests governments do so by creating or eroding social resources when they make public policy by proposing a model linking social relations to health and then using that model to identify the dimensions of social relations most likely to impinge on health.
Abstract: Governments are often urged to take steps to improve the health of their citizens. But there is controversy about how best to achieve that goal. Popular opinion calls for more investment in medical care and the promotion of behaviors associated with good health. However, across the developed countries on which we focus here, variations in the health of the population do not correspond closely to national levels of spending on medical care, and there remain many uncertainties about how governments can best promote healthy behavior. Expanding access to health care offers greater promise, but, as many chapters in this book note, health care is only the tip of the iceberg of population health. The objective of this chapter is to extend our understanding of how governments affect population health. We develop a distinctive perspective on this topic that suggests governments do so by creating or eroding social resources when they make public policy. Our analysis turns on a contention at the heart of this volume, namely, that the structure of social relations in which people are embedded conditions their health. In social epidemiology, there is substantial evidence to support this claim but continuing controversy about which aspects of social relations impinge on health and through which causal mechanisms this occurs. We shed light on these issues by proposing a model linking social relations to health and then use that model to identify the dimensions of social relations most likely to impinge on health.
61 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduced various strands of neoinstitutionalism, with the focus on sociological institutionalism, particularly "Stanford School" sociological institutions and discursive institutionalism and pointed out that in opposing individualist rational choice theory, sociological institution takes a strong structuralist stance in which actors are depicted as agents constituted by the scripts of rationalist world culture, mindlessly enacting worldwide models.
Abstract: This article introduces various strands of neoinstitutionalism, with the focus on sociological institutionalism, particularly ‘Stanford School’ sociological institutionalism and discursive institutionalism. The article points out that in opposing individualist rational choice theory, sociological institutionalism takes a strong structuralist stance in which actors are depicted as agents constituted by the scripts of rationalist world culture, mindlessly enacting worldwide models. In contrast, discursive institutionalist scholarship focuses on research about the actual practices through which global ideas are incorporated in local contexts, as well as on the discourses that motivate actors in the modern world to behave so uniformly in several ways, even though the culture of modernity specifically celebrates individualism and sovereignty and denounces mindless compliance. These studies have highlighted the key role of local actors in the local-global interaction. Yet these orientations must not be seen as ...
60 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The Amsterdam drugsmarkt is sinds de jaren negentig van de vorige eeuw met de komst van ecstasy and allerlei andere drugs complexer geworden.
Abstract: De Amsterdamse drugsmarkt is sinds de jaren negentig van de vorige eeuw met de komst van ecstasy en allerlei andere drugs complexer geworden. De nieuwe hedonistische roescultuur verspreidde zich tegelijkertijd met het houseritme als een veenbrand over het uitgaansleven. De snelheid waarmee ecstasy uitgroeide tot de meest populaire illegale drug na cannabis overviel beleidsmakers en gezondheidsinstellingen. Ook vanuit strafrechtelijk oogpunt kwam het plotselinge succes van ecstasy als een donderslag bij heldere hemel. Ton Nabben beschrijft en verklaart in zijn proefschrift vanuit verschillende perspectieven de golfbewegingen van drugsgebruik binnen het trendsettende, heterogene en vloeiende uitgaansleven. Ook ontwikkelingen rond nieuwe regelgeving en strafrechtelijk drugsbeleid komen als gevolg van massificatie, gezondheidsincidenten en drugshandel uitgebreid aan de orde. De focus ligt op de periode 1988-2010: van acid tot zerotolerance. Maar ook de voorgeschiedenis van het roemruchte Amsterdamse uitgaansleven komt in zijn magnus dopus ruimschoots ter sprake en kent vele historische vertrekpunten. Het ontstaan van de Opiumwet, de verschillende bloeiperiodes van het uitgaansleven waarvan de eerste ruim een eeuw geleden (rond 1890), de komst van coffeeshops, LSD, speed en cocaine. En de opeenvolging van spectaculaire subculturen als provo’s, hippies, krakers, punks en na de elektronische revolutie ook house, die de stad in de ‘decadente’ jaren negentig op zijn palen deed trillen.
60 citations
Book•
30 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an ethnographic account of life, work and migration in a North Indian Muslim-dominated woodworking industry, and examine how woodworkers utilize local and transnational networks, based on identity, religiosity, and affective circulations, to access resources, support and forms of mutuality.
Abstract: Networks, Labour and Migration among Indian Muslim Artisans provides an ethnography of life, work and migration in a North Indian Muslim-dominated woodworking industry. It traces artisanal connections within the local context, during migration within India, and to the Gulf, examining how woodworkers utilise local and transnational networks, based on identity, religiosity, and affective circulations, to access resources, support and forms of mutuality. However, the book also illustrates how liberalisation, intensifying forms of marginalisation and incorporation into global production networks have led to spatial pressures, fragmentation of artisanal labour, and forms of enclavement that persist despite geographical mobility and connectedness.
By working across the dialectic of marginality and connectedness, Thomas Chambers thinks through these complexities and dualities by providing an ethnographic account that shares everyday life with artisans and others in the industry. Descriptive detail is intersected with spatial scales of ‘local’, ‘national’ and ‘international’, with the demands of supply chains and labour markets within India and abroad, with structural conditions, and with forms of change and continuity. Empirically, then, the book provides a detailed account of a specific locale, but also contributes to broader theoretical debates centring on theorisations of margins, borders, connections, networks, embeddedness, neoliberalism, subjectivities, and economic or social flux.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the question of what do we mean by conducting "ethnography" was raised, and it was argued that in many cases, researchers used ethnographic techniques to conduct case studies.
Abstract: This paper was prompted by the question, what do we mean by conducting ‘ethnography’? Is it in fact ‘case study’ drawing on ethnographic techniques? My contention is that in many cases, researchers...
60 citations