DOI•
Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs
01 Dec 2011-Iss: 32, pp 5-8
About: The article was published on 2011-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1252 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Working class.
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The concept of community of practice was not born in the systems theory tradition as discussed by the authors, but it has its roots in attempts to develop accounts of the social nature of human learning inspired by anthropology and social theory.
Abstract: The concept of community of practice was not born in the systems theory tradition. It has its roots in attempts to develop accounts of the social nature of human learning inspired by anthropology and social theory (Lave, 1988; Bourdieu, 1977; Giddens, 1984; Foucault, 1980; Vygotsky, 1978). But the concept of community of practice is well aligned with the perspective of systems traditions. A community of practice itself can be viewed as a simple social system. And a complex social system can be viewed as constituted by interrelated communities of practice. In this essay I first explore the systemic nature of the concept at these two levels. Then I use this foundation to look at the applications of the concept, some of its main critiques, and its potential for developing a social discipline of learning.
1,082 citations
Book•
27 Jun 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the Flatlands of Oakland and the Youth Control Complex are discussed. But the focus is on the role of black youth in the criminal justice system and community institutions.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgments Part I Hypercriminalization 1 Dreams Deferred: The Patterns of Punishment in Oakland 2 The Flatlands of Oakland and the Youth Control Complex 3 The Labeling Hype: Coming of Age in the Era of Mass Incarceration 4 The Coupling of Criminal Justice and Community Institutions Part II Consequences 5 "Dummy Smart": Misrecognition, Acting Out, and "Going Dumb" 6 Proving Manhood: Masculinity as a Rehabilitative Tool 7 Guilty by Association: Acting White or Acting Lawful? Conclusion: Toward a Youth Support Complex Appendix: Beyond Jungle-Book Tropes Notes References Index About the Author
909 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults and finds that for them, the transition from K to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to...
Abstract: This article examines the transition to adulthood among 1.5-generation undocumented Latino young adults. For them, the transition to adulthood involves exiting the legally protected status of K to ...
663 citations
TL;DR: In this article, student engagement research, policy, and practice must become more nuanced and less formulaic, and the ensuing review is structured accordingly, guided in part by social-ecological analysis and social-cultural theory.
Abstract: Student engagement research, policy, and practice are even more important in today’s race-to-the top policy environment. With a priority goal of postsecondary completion with advanced competence, today’s students must be engaged longer and more deeply. This need is especially salient for students attending schools located in segregated, high-poverty neighborhoods and isolated rural communities. Here, engagement research, policy, and practice must become more nuanced and less formulaic, and the ensuing review is structured accordingly. Guided in part by social-ecological analysis and social-cultural theory, engagement is conceptualized as a dynamic system of social and psychological constructs as well as a synergistic process. This conceptualization invites researchers, policymakers, and school-community leaders to develop improvement models that provide a more expansive, engagement-focused reach into students’ family, peer, and neighborhood ecologies.
528 citations
Cites background or result from "Learning to Labour: How Working Cla..."
...In some of these studies, such differences result in student disengagement from school (e.g., Willis, 1977)....
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...Over time, these competing allegiances may severely constrain student engagement in school, heighten ambivalence, and increase disidentification (Eckert, 1989; Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; McLeod & Yates, 2006; Willis, 1977)....
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...These forms are manifest in mismatches between students’ individual and/ or collective identities and the habits and norms privileged by schools (Barron, 2006; Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Ogbu, 1995; Willis, 1977)....
[...]
TL;DR: The Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study (LISA) as discussed by the authors used a mixed-methods approach, combining longitudinal, interdisciplinary, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to document adaptation patterns of 407 recently arrived immigrant youth from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico over the course of five years.
Abstract: Background/Context: Newcomer immigrant students are entering schools in the United States in unprecedented numbers. As they enter new school contexts, they face a number of challenges in their adjustment. Previous literature suggested that relationships in school play a particularly crucial role in promoting socially competent behavior in the classroom and in fostering academic engagement and school performance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the role of school-based relationships in engagement and achievement in a population of newcomer immigrant students. Research Design: The Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study (LISA) used a mixed-methods approach, combining longitudinal, interdisciplinary, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to document adaptation patterns of 407 recently arrived immigrant youth from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico over the course of five years. Based on data from the last year of the study, we examine how the role of relationships mediates newcomers’ challenges with academic engagement and performance. We identify factors that account for patterns of academic engagement and achievement, including country of origin, gender, maternal education, English language proficiency, and school-based relationships. Findings: Multiple regression analyses suggest that supportive school-based relationships strongly contribute to both the academic engagement and the school performance of the par
356 citations
Cites background from "Learning to Labour: How Working Cla..."
...…intense segregation by race and poverty (Orfield, 1998) tend to have schools that are overcrowded and understaffed, face high teacher and staff turnover, and are plagued by violence and hostile peer cultures (García-Coll & Magnuson, 1997; Mehan, Villanueva, Hubbard, & Lintz, 1996; Willis, 1977)....
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References
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Dissertation•
19 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The authors investigates how families in northern Senegal negotiate between state and Islamic schools, and finds that the importance of a caste-like social hierarchy in shaping education strategies is highlighted by both intrinsic and material benefits.
Abstract: This thesis investigates how families in northern Senegal negotiate between state and
Islamic schools. Studies of education strategies within anthropology of education
predominantly employ Bourdieu’s concept of capital. These studies are useful for
illuminating the role of education within people’s strategies of social mobility, but tend
to render invisible preferences based on non-material considerations like spiritual
benefits. To overcome this challenge, this thesis uses economic theory which
acknowledges both intrinsic and material factors informing school choice. It draws on
fifteen months’ ethnographic fieldwork comprising life histories, informal interviews
and participant observation.
The thesis contributes to several debates in anthropology of development and education.
Findings reveal the importance of a caste-like social hierarchy in shaping education
strategies, and challenge simplistic predictions common in development discourse about
how gender or being Muslim influence educational trajectories. Results also show how
education preferences reflect context-specific routes to social mobility. In northern
Senegal, lack of formal sector employment makes the secular state school’s promises of
economic advancement largely inaccessible. Qur’anic schools present a more certain
investment for men of privileged social groups who monopolise access to this
education, for the prestige of Islamic knowledge and insertion into trade and migration
networks. Intrinsic benefits of Qur’anic schooling, like blessing and moral education,
also inform school preference. These factors are neglected in development discourse
and state education provision - including recent reforms to engage Islamic knowledge to
meet Education For All and the Millennium Development Goal – due to secularist and
rationalist biases. This undermines families’ access to affordable schooling that
combines the intrinsic and material benefits which they prioritise, and privileges those
who can afford private alternatives. Inspired by applied anthropology committed to
social justice, this thesis draws on people’s strategies to overcome these challenges to
recommend non-formal alternatives to enable education provision compatible with
popular worldviews.
37 citations
TL;DR: The authors presented data from a qualitative study of young men's school-to-work transitions to illustrate a distinctive middle-ground, defying typically conceived dualisms of resistance or engagement.
Abstract: In the 1980s, researchers established the need to document and analyse the educational attitudes, behaviours and outcomes of ‘ordinary kids' as a means of developing a holistic account of school experience. Yet, while significant attention is given to extremes in educational attitudes and behaviours, ‘ordinariness' tends to remain overlooked in contemporary research and policy discourses. This article contributes to this void by presenting data from a qualitative study of young men's school-to-work transitions. Their educational experiences at both compulsory and post-compulsory levels illustrate a distinctive middle-ground, defying typically conceived dualisms of resistance or engagement. Alongside research interest in the extremes of ‘success' and ‘failure', such ordinary experiences can enable us to reinvigorate and refine our conceptual repertoire.
37 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between gender role attitudes and a sense of school belonging among a sample of 6380 students from 59 Flemish schools at the start of their secondary education and found that boys show less sense of belonging than girls, as do students with more traditional beliefs about gender roles.
Abstract: How much students feel at home in school predicts academic outcomes. In view of the gender achievement gap, it is worth examining the gendered pattern of this school belonging. Studies on school belonging, however, have barely acknowledged possible obstructive effects of traditional gender role attitudes of individual students and student cultures. This study examines the relationship between gender role attitudes and a sense of school belonging among a sample of 6380 students from 59 Flemish schools at the start of their secondary education. The results of multilevel analyses indicate that boys show less sense of school belonging than girls, as do students with more traditional beliefs about gender roles. Moreover, student attitudes related to gender roles are strongly shared at the school level, so that we can speak of a gender role student culture. Students enrolled in more traditional gender role student cultures reveal less school belonging.
37 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a framework for annotating coursework and planning coursework/other institutional needs, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan.
Abstract: endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact rights@palgrave.com if you have any queries regarding use of the file.
37 citations
TL;DR: E-cigarettes did have some potential to overcome normative barriers to smoking cessation and therefore to reduce health inequalities, at least in relation to male smoking, and Kleinman's local moral worlds are drawn to make sense of these findings.
37 citations