Open AccessDissertation
Les chemins de faire de la surveillance : une sociologie des dispositifs de sécurité et de sûreté ferroviaires en France
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In this paper, the authors propose an analysis of pratiques de surveillance in the context of organizations, sociaux, and pratique actuelles, a partir of deux dispositifs: the prevention of accidents (dite securite) and the prevention des actes de malveillance (Dite surete) dans le milieu ferroviaire en France.Abstract:
Controles d’acces, profilage commercial, numerisation des dossiers medicaux, mais aussi capteurs de radioactivite, de polluants atmospheriques, etc. sont autant de dispositifs de surveillance qui se multiplient. Ils sont l’objet de fortes critiques, que ce soit pour en denoncer les effets nocifs ou pour reclamer leur renforcement. Cette these contribue a expliquer ces gestes critiques differencies qui participent a l’actualisation de nos societes de surveillance et du risque. Elle propose une analyse qui reinscrit les pratiques de surveillance dans leurs contextes organisationnels, sociaux et pratiques, a partir de deux dispositifs : la prevention des accidents (dite securite) et la prevention des actes de malveillance (dite surete) dans le milieu ferroviaire en France. La recherche montre qu’en depit de l’eloignement des problemes consideres, les professionnels devant surveiller sont confrontes a des enjeux pratiques similaires. La these eprouve ce resultat d’abord d’un point de vue historique, en montrant que les premiers gestionnaires ferroviaires du XIXe siecle ont gere ces deux problemes a partir d’un meme dispositif disciplinaire. Apres une specification de ces enjeux au XXe siecle, l’analyse sociologique des pratiques actuelles souligne ensuite un rapprochement des mondes professionnels de la securite et de la surete ferroviaires, autour de la « gestion du risque ». Dans les deux cas, l’une des activites principales des professionnels de la securite et de la surete est de se separer de certaines donnees, collectees dans leurs pratiques de surveillance. A partir de ces resultats, la these se propose de renouveler pour partie l’analyse des pratiques de surveillance. L’attention que la plupart des travaux sur la surveillance portent aux processus d’accumulation des donnees masque de fait les processus d’omission, de mise a l’ecart ou de destruction de donnees. La these plaide alors pour une attention aux deux processus, d’accumulation et de separation, pour mieux comprendre et pouvoir renouveler la critique des pratiques de surveillanceread more
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The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society
TL;DR: GARLAND, 2001, p. 2, the authors argues that a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças, and problemas de controle social that deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das
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Merchants of Doubt. How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming
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Les règles de la méthode sociologique
TL;DR: Les Regles de la methode sociologique, published by Emile Durkheim, en 1895 as mentioned in this paper, refusant l'explication du fait social par le biologique et le psychologie, theorising l'influence du milieu social sur les individus, posant a serie de regles methodologiques parfois d'apparence tres abstraite, ce texte fut un veritable defi lance par Durkhem a ses contemporains.
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Review: Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance
TL;DR: The Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance by Clark Miller and Paul N. Edwards as discussed by the authors is a collection of essays analyzing the international politics of climate science and the institutional governance of global climate change.
References
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and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39
Susan Leigh,James R. Griesemer +1 more
TL;DR: A model of how one group of actors managed this tension between divergent viewpoints was presented, drawing on the work of amateurs, professionals, administrators and others connected to the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California, Berkeley, during its early years.
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Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Lawrence E. Cohen,Marcus Felson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a "routine activity approach" is presented for analyzing crime rate trends and cycles. But rather than emphasizing the characteristics of offenders, with this approach, the authors concentrate upon the circumstances in which they carry out predatory criminal acts, and hypothesize that the dispersion of activities away from households and families increases the opportunity for crime and thus generates higher crime rates.
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The duality of technology: rethinking the concept of technology in organizations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society
TL;DR: GARLAND, 2001, p. 2, the authors argues that a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças, and problemas de controle social that deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das