Les environnements numériques de travail dans l'enseignement secondaire : étude d'un système représentationnel

Abstract: THE PRESS AND FOREIGN POLICY' IT IS a defect of some of the studies of the diplomatic background of the Great War that they tend to ignore the influence on pre-war diplomacy of public opinion in general and of the press in particular. Based primarily on official documents such studies unconsciously tend to overemphasize the parts played by the leaders with whose activities the documents are so largely concerned and to neglect some of the less obvious forces that affected the course of events. The influence of the press, it is true, can never be measured accurately. \"No diviniiig rod can locate it,\" says Miss Salmon, \"no plummet sound its depth, no instrument of precision measure it, no astronomer compute its orbit.\"2 And yet that influence in pre-war Europe was very real and very considerable. Professor Fay goes so far as to list \"the poisoning of public opinion by the newspaper press in all the great countries\"3 as one of the chief underlying causes of the war. If the influence of the press cannot be exactly determined, however, it can at least be roughly estimated; and even where no attempt is made to estimate influence, a kniowledge of newspaper views on questions of foreign policy is of assistance in clarifying the atmosphere out of which the Great WYar came.

Abstract: Cahiers de la recherche sur l'education et les savoirs Sujet : Les Cahiers de la recherche sur l'education et les savoirs ont pour ambition de confronter les travaux menes sur les pays ou les systemes d'education ont une profondeur historique certaine, et sur ceux ou ils n'ont ete introduits que plus recemment. Ils se donnent aussi pour objectifs de decloisonner les disciplines et de favoriser un echange entre diverses approches, afin de renouveler les perspectives methodologiques et theo...

Abstract: Cette recherche traite de la problematique de la virtualisation du cahier de textes de classe dans les etablissements educatifs francais et des effets de son utilisation en milieu scolaire. L’utilisation du cahier de textes numerique a ete prescrite dans tous les etablissements francais par une circulaire ministerielle datant de septembre 2010. L’integration de cet outil dans le milieu scolaire s’inscrit dans la volonte politique de generaliser l’utilisation des Espaces Numeriques de Travail (ENT). Cette these, realisee en co-tutelle entre l’Universite de Geneve et Telecom ParisTech, est une reponse a l’appel au projet d’ENEIDE (Cap Digital, 1998) qui cherchait a «ameliorer les espaces numeriques de demain» (ENEIDE, 2008). Dans ce contexte, les questions qui ont guide cette investigation sont : Quels sont les usages du cahier de textes numerique (CTN) des enseignants de l’Academie de Creteil? Comment caracteriser les utilisateurs et les non-utilisateurs du CTN? Quels sont les effets de l’utilisation du CTN que les enseignants percoivent dans leurs comportements et dans ceux des autres acteurs? Et enfin, comment les caracteristiques des enseignants et leurs representations du CTN peuvent influencer les types d’effets percus?

Abstract: Contents: Preface. Introduction. Part I: The Environment To Be Perceived.The Animal And The Environment. Medium, Substances, Surfaces. The Meaningful Environment. Part II: The Information For Visual Perception.The Relationship Between Stimulation And Stimulus Information. The Ambient Optic Array. Events And The Information For Perceiving Events. The Optical Information For Self-Perception. The Theory Of Affordances. Part III: Visual Perception.Experimental Evidence For Direct Perception: Persisting Layout. Experiments On The Perception Of Motion In The World And Movement Of The Self. The Discovery Of The Occluding Edge And Its Implications For Perception. Looking With The Head And Eyes. Locomotion And Manipulation. The Theory Of Information Pickup And Its Consequences. Part IV: Depiction.Pictures And Visual Awareness. Motion Pictures And Visual Awareness. Conclusion. Appendixes: The Principal Terms Used in Ecological Optics. The Concept of Invariants in Ecological Optics.

Abstract: The need for an integrated social constructivist approach towards the study of science and technology is outlined. Within such a programme both scientific facts and technological artefacts are to be understood as social constructs. Literature on the sociology of science, the science-technology relationship, and technology studies is reviewed. The empirical programme of relativism within the sociology of scientific knowledge and a recent study of the social construction of technological artefacts are combined to produce the new approach. The concepts of `interpretative flexibility' and `closure mechanism', and the notion of `social group' are developed and illustrated by reference to a study of solar physics and a study of the development of the bicycle. The paper concludes by setting out some of the terrain to be explored in future studies.

Abstract: The need for an integrated social constructivist approach towards the study of science and technology is outlined. Within such a programme both scientific facts and technological artefacts are to be understood as social constructs. Literature on the sociology of science, the science-technology relationship, and technology studies is reviewed. The empirical programme of relativism within the sociology of scientific knowledge and a recent study of the social construction of technological artefacts are combined to produce the new approach. The concepts of `interpretative flexibility' and `closure mechanism', and the notion of `social group' are developed and illustrated by reference to a study of solar physics and a study of the development of the bicycle. The paper concludes by setting out some of the terrain to be explored in future studies.

Abstract: Public relations practitioners have long attempted to persuade publics through mass media campaigns. Social scientists, likewise, have searched for the most persuasive mix of messages and media. Most of this research, however, indicates that the media seldom change attitudes and behavior, and that persuasion is, therefore, an unrealistic objective for a media campaign. Led by Maxwell McCombs, the author of this article, communication researchers have discovered a logical and more realistic effect of media: While the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about. That is, the media determine which issues—and which organizations—will be put on the public agenda for discussion. In this article, McCombs summarizes research on agenda-setting and then discusses its implications for public relations.