Life History of Gypsophila paniculata
01 Oct 1966-Vol. 14, Iss: 4, pp 313-318
TL;DR: Gypsophila paniculata L, a dicotyledonous, herbaceous member of the Caryophyllaceae, was introduced into North America from Eurasia as a garden ornamental and has escaped to become troublesome in some areas as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Gypsophila paniculata L., a dicotyledonous, herbaceous member of the Caryophyllaceae, was introduced into North America from Eurasia as a garden ornamental and has escaped to become troublesome in some areas. A life history study has revealed that this species is spread entirely by seed, its tumbleweed character being an important factor. Germination occurs mainly in the spring in Saskatchewan stands, perhaps as a result of no dormancy in the seeds. Although seedling development is characterized by a rapid penetration of the root system, mortality in natural stands is high. Under favorable conditions, at least 2 yr are required for the production of floral primordia. The mature plant is characterized by a root system which penetrates to depths of 4 meters or more. Shoots arise each year from a thick woody caudex.
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TL;DR: In this article, a working example of the detection of spotted knapweed and babysbreath with a hyperspectral sensor is presented. Butts et al. used hyperspectrals at 2m spatial resolution and 400-to 953-nm spectral resolution with 12-nm increments.
Abstract: Remote sensing technology is a tool for detecting invasive species affecting forest, rangeland, and pasture environments. This article provides a review of the technology, and algorithms used to process remotely sensed data when detecting weeds and a working example of the detection of spotted knapweed and babysbreath with a hyperspectral sensor. Spotted knapweed and babysbreath frequently invade semiarid rangeland and irrigated pastures of the western United States. Ground surveys to identify the extent of invasive species infestations should be more efficient with the use of classified images from remotely sensed data because dispersal of an invasive plant may have occurred before the discovery or treatment of an infestation. Remote sensing data were classified to determine if infestations of spotted knapweed and babysbreath were detectable in Swan Valley near Idaho Falls, ID. Hyperspectral images at 2-m spatial resolution and 400- to 953-nm spectral resolution with 12-nm increments were used t...
176 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the effects of invasive baby’s breath and spotted knapweed on floral visitors to federally threatened Pitcher's thistle in Lake Michigan dunes suggests these invaders have the potential to reduce reproduction of C. pitcheri by decreasing pollinator visits and increasing interspecific pollen transfer.
Abstract: An indirect consequence of plant invasions is the disruption of native plant-pollinator interactions. We examined effects of invasive baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on floral visitors to federally threatened Pitcher’s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) in Lake Michigan dunes. In sweep net surveys, abundances of pollinator taxa were five times higher in invaded than in naturally invader-free sites. However, plot-level G. paniculata removal treatments increased pollinator visits to C. pitcheri relative to invaded plots and restored visitation to levels found in naturally uninvaded plots. Invader removal also increased native plant species richness, which was positively correlated with pollinator visitation to C. pitcheri, suggesting an indirect effect on pollinators mediated through invader-altered plant composition. In temporary floral arrays, the rate of pollinator visitation to C. pitcheri was not affected by neighbor plant species identity. However, compa...
45 citations
Cites background from "Life History of Gypsophila panicula..."
...…dune system contains relatively few animal-pollinated plants; thus, high densities of the invader G. paniculata may increase the amount of floral resources available to insect pollinators, particularly because G. paniculata produces thousands of flowers per individual (Darwent and Coupland 1966)....
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...Our focal invasive species was G. paniculata L. (Carophyllaceae), a perennial herb that produces small white flowers (6–8 mm in diameter) arranged in panicle-like compound dichasiums (Darwent and Coupland 1966)....
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TL;DR: There was no strong effect of management on arthropod communities, though a canonical analysis of principal coordinates indicated that reference and invaded plots were characterized by different families of arthropods.
25 citations
TL;DR: The outlook is good for this restoration, as other non-native species do not appear to be staging a “secondary” invasion of this habitat, and the successional nature of sand dunes means that they are already highly invasible, stressing the need for regular monitoring to ensure that restoration progresses.
Abstract: The removal of invasive species is often one of the first steps in restoring degraded habitats. However, studies evaluating effectiveness of invasive species removal are often limited in spatial and temporal scale, and lack evaluation of both aboveground and belowground effects on diversity and key processes. In this study, we present results of a large 3-year removal effort of the invasive species, Gypsophila paniculata, on sand dunes in northwest Michigan (USA). We measured G. paniculata abundance, plant species richness, plant community diversity, non-native plant cover, abundance of Cirsium pitcheri (a federally threatened species endemic to this habitat), sand movement, arbuscular mycorrhizal spore abundance, and soil nutrients in fifteen 1000 m 2 plots yearly from 2007 to 2010 in order to evaluate the effectiveness of manual removal of this species on dune restoration. Gypsophila paniculata cover was greatly reduced by management, but was not entirely eliminated from the area. Removal of G. paniculata shifted plant community composition to more closely resemble target reference plant communities but had no effect on total plant diversity, C. pitcheri abundance, or other non-native plant cover. Soil properties were generally unaffected by G. paniculata invasion or removal. The outlook is good for this restoration, as other non-native species do not appear to be staging a “secondary” invasion of this habitat. However, the successional nature of sand dunes means that they are already highly invasible, stressing the need for regular monitoring to ensure that restoration progresses.
24 citations
TL;DR: Gypsophila paniculata L., baby’s breath, an ornamental which has escaped from gardens, is a weed problem in sandy, submarginal farmlands, roadside drainage ditches and various ruderal habitats.
Abstract: This contribution on Gypsophila paniculata L., baby’s breath (Caryophyllaceae), is part of a series that presents biological information on plants that are weedy in Canada. G. paniculata, an ornamental which has escaped from gardens, is a weed problem in sandy, submarginal farmlands, roadside drainage ditches and various ruderal habitats. It occurs across Canada and has been found at 60° N latitude. Largest infestations of the species occur in the southern portions of the three most western provinces.
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116 citations
01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: This method serves well for species the seeds of which are retained until all are mature, for species in which ripening extends over a considerable period and seeds are shed as soon as mature, and only a part of the total number can be secured at a single collection.
Abstract: were air dried for two weeks or more, threshed and cleaned to remove immature seeds, empty florets, etc. In some cases (Epilobium, Pyrola), visual examination had to replace the usual cleaning. This method serves well for species the seeds of which are retained until all are mature. For species in which ripening extends over a considerable period and seeds are shed as soon as mature, only a part of the total number can be secured at a single collection. In most cases that number is given, with footnotes to indicate that more would have developed, or if some had already dropped. As noted in the previous report (3) the total yield for these plants might be estimated at twice as many if some had dropped or had not matured or four times as many if both factors prevailed. In a few cases daily collections were made or (Lactuca scariola, L. biennis) heads were counted and total number estimated. In some plants seeds were extensively damaged by insects and this is noted. In most cases the total number listed is that of good seeds only for one plant. In those groups where seed is not separated readily from fruit the weights are usually of the fruit or parts thereof, such as caryopsis with lemma and palea, achenes, nutlets or mericarps. For perennials which increase in area, a single stalk was usually taken. The propriety of choosing an "average" plant has been discussed by Salisbury (2) who sought to obtain average yields from a large number of individuals. However, conditions vary so widely that averages would be valid only for the conditions under which samples were taken. Production by occasional plants that survive in fields is an important item which is often overlooked. Further discussion is made under a few species. Material is from North Dakota unless otherwise indicated. A few species have been duplicated, usually without intention. Specimens from the same lot of a few species have been distributed to several
90 citations