Ligands for label-free detection of whole bacteria on biosensors: A review
TL;DR: This review proposes to gather and comment different ligands used for the detection of whole cell bacteria and label-free methods, which enable the user to skip sampling processing steps and decrease the overall test cost.
Abstract: With the aim of getting earlier, sensitive and specific information on the presence –or absence – of bacterial pathogens, biosensors are getting an increasing interest for more than two decades. This is partly due to their reduced format, to the possibility to address several questions with a single device and also to the increasing panel of physical approaches that can be exploited for signal transducing. When designing a biosensor, the choice of the ligand motif remains a key element as it drives the efficiency and sensitivity of the assay. In this review, we propose to gather and comment different ligands used for the detection of whole cell bacteria. Because time is a crucial issue when looking for a pathogen, our attention was focused on whole cell assays and label-free methods, which enable the user to skip sampling processing steps and decrease the overall test cost.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A review of the typical characteristics and binding mechanisms of various biorecognition elements, and how they relate to biosensor performance characteristics, specifically sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability are reviewed.
216 citations
TL;DR: In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes, gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients.
Abstract: Viruses are real menace to human safety that cause devastating viral disease. The high prevalence of these diseases is due to improper detecting tools. Therefore, there is a remarkable demand to identify viruses in a fast, selective and accurate way. Several biosensors have been designed and commercialized for detection of pathogenic viruses. However, they present many challenges. Nanotechnology overcomes these challenges and performs direct detection of molecular targets in real time. In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to biosensors based on graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes, gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients.
207 citations
Cites background from "Ligands for label-free detection of..."
...Because of being controllable by external magnet, these MNPs, are widely used in hybrid catalysts, drug delivery systems and reusable biosensor platforms [77]....
[...]
TL;DR: This review provides current viewpoints from the literature on biosensing in food production, food processing, safety and security, food packaging and supply chain, food waste processing, food quality assurance, and food engineering.
123 citations
Cites background from "Ligands for label-free detection of..."
...Biosensors targeting pathogen detection such as bacteria (Table 2) and fungi (Table 3) began more than two decades ago because of their reduced format; one device to address several issues, and a multi-panel of signal detection [59]....
[...]
TL;DR: A review of the recent advances of MIT for microorganism analysis, concerning imprinting methods, analytical detection methods and typical applications is presented in this article, where the authors propose the remaining challenges and future perspectives to accelerate the development and utilization of MIT in microorganisms identification and determination.
Abstract: Molecular imprinting technology has been widely applied to various fields, owing to unique features of structure predictability, recognition specificity and application universality. Microorganism imprinting has attracted significant interests attributing to the high selectivity, simplicity rapidity, and excellent stability as well as low cost and eco-friendliness. Herein, we purpose to review the recent advances of MIT for microorganism analysis, concerning imprinting methods, analytical detection methods and typical applications. Various imprinting methods including direct and indirect imprinting for microorganism-MIPs preparation are comprehensively summarized. MIPs based biosensors containing fluorescence, electrochemical, piezoelectric and surface plasmon resonance for analytical detection of microorganisms is highlighted. Representative applications of microbiological imprinting are discussed, involving detection and quantification of bacteria, identification of bacterial species, and determination of yeast growth status. Finally, we propose the remaining challenges and future perspectives to accelerate the development and utilization of MIT in microorganism analysis and thereby push forwards microorganism identification and determination.
110 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the recent progress of hydrogel‐based biosensors and discusses their future perspectives and clinical limitations to overcome.
Abstract: Hydrogel-based biosensors have drawn considerable attention due to their various advantages over conventional detection systems. Recent studies have shown that hydrogel biosensors can be excellent alternative systems to detect a wide range of biomolecules, including small biochemicals, pathogenic proteins, and disease specific genes. Due to the excellent physical properties of hydrogels such as the high water content and stimuli-responsive behavior of cross-linked network structures, this system can offer substantial improvement for the design of novel detection systems for various diagnostic applications. The other main advantage of hydrogels is the role of biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) matrix immobilizing enzymes and aptamers within the detection systems, which enhances their stability. This provides ideal reaction conditions for enzymes and aptamers to interact with substrates within the aqueous environment of the hydrogel. In this review, we have highlighted various novel detection approaches utilizing the outstanding properties of the hydrogel. This review summarizes the recent progress of hydrogel-based biosensors and discusses their future perspectives and clinical limitations to overcome.
110 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into filamentous phage gene III to create a fusion protein with the foreign sequence in the middle that is incorporated into the virion, which retains infectivity and displays the foreign amino acids in immunologically accessible form.
Abstract: Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into filamentous phage gene III to create a fusion protein with the foreign sequence in the middle. The fusion protein is incorporated into the virion, which retains infectivity and displays the foreign amino acids in immunologically accessible form. These "fusion phage" can be enriched more than 1000-fold over ordinary phage by affinity for antibody directed against the foreign sequence. Fusion phage may provide a simple way of cloning a gene when an antibody against the product of that gene is available.
3,956 citations
TL;DR: The presence of considerable amounts of IgG-like material of Mr 100K in the serum of the camel, which is composed of heavy-chain dimers and devoid of light chains, but nevertheless have an extensive antigen-binding repertoire, opens new perspectives in the engineering of antibodies.
Abstract: Random association of VL and VH repertoires contributes considerably to antibody diversity. The diversity and the affinity are then increased by hypermutation in B cells located in germinal centres. Except in the case of 'heavy chain' disease, naturally occurring heavy-chain antibodies have not been described, although antigen binding has been demonstrated for separated heavy chains or cloned VH domains. Here we investigate the presence of considerable amounts of IgG-like material of M(r) 100K in the serum of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). These molecules are composed of heavy-chain dimers and are devoid of light chains, but nevertheless have an extensive antigen-binding repertoire, a finding that calls into question the role of light chains in the camel. Camel heavy-chain IgGs lack CH1, which in one IgG class might be structurally replaced by an extended hinge. Heavy-chain IgGs are a feature of all camelids. These findings open new perspectives in the engineering of antibodies.
2,863 citations
TL;DR: A new radiolabelled ligand-binding assay, the molecularly im-printed sorbent assay, which uses antibody mimics, which accurately measures drug levels in human serum, with results comparable to those obtained using a well established immunoassay technique.
Abstract: Ligand-binding assays are used for determination of minute amounts of substances in the bloodstream. Such assays require a receptor that specifically binds the substance of interest. The receptor used is often an antibody, but antibodies require special handling and a costly production procedure. We have used molecular imprinting, a method for creating selective recognition sites in synthetic polymers, to prepare polymers that mimic antibody combining sites. Molecular imprints made against theophylline and diazepam showed strong binding and cross-reactivity profiles similar to those of antibodies. Here we describe a new radiolabelled ligand-binding assay, the molecularly imprinted sorbent assay, which uses antibody mimics. This assay accurately measures drug levels in human serum, with results comparable to those obtained using a well established immunoassay technique. Antibody mimics, which are stable and readily prepared by molecular imprinting, may provide a useful general alternative to antibodies.
1,613 citations
TL;DR: Several intact proteins or protein fragments are now being shown to have inherent antimicrobial activity, suggesting a better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of AMPs is required to facilitate the rational design of novel antimicrobial agents.
1,249 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to indicate that the microbiological safety of food remains a dynamic situation heavily influenced by multiple factors along the food chain from farm to fork.
1,079 citations