Light and scanning electron microscopic study of seeds inNigella L (Ranunculaceae)
01 Sep 1984-Vol. 93, Iss: 4, pp 429-435
TL;DR: Seed morphology of 6 species of Nigella L. integrifolia Regel, was studied utilising the light and scanning electron microscope to determine the significance of testa features as taxonomic characters and an artificial key based on spermoderm features is proposed to delimit the species studied.
Abstract: Seed morphology of 6 species ofNigella L. (Ranunculaceae) viz.,N. sativa L.,N. hispanica L.,N. arvensis L.,N. orientalis L.,N. nigellastrum (L) Willk. andN. integrifolia Regel, was studied utilising the light and scanning electron microscope to determine the significance of testa features as taxonomic characters. An artificial key based on spermoderm features is proposed to delimit the species studied. The present study supports the treatment ofN. integrifolia Regel as a monotypic genusKomaroffia integrifolia (Regel) Periera.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used light and electron microscopy to investigate the structure of the lingual structure in adult budgerigars and found significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present investigation was to investigate lingual structure in adult budgerigar. METHODS: Tongues of 12 adult budgerigars were used in the investigations. Samples of the apex, body and root of the tongue were studied using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The tongue in budgerigar is about 5 mm in length. The deep concave rostral portion of the lingual apex is devoid of any glandular structure and is continuous with a semicircular caudal portion. The caudal portion of the lingual apex is divided into two symmetrical halves by a median longitudinal fissure. The rostral part of the lingual corpus is distinctly divided by fissures of varying depth into many irregular raised areas with different sizes. Several large caudally directed conical papillae are situated on the posterior end of the lingual corpus and along the thick border region between the lingual body and root. There are also some giant conical papillae on the laryngeal mound. According to their positions, the PAS-positive compound tubuloalveolar salivary glands can be classified as dorsal and dorsolateral salivary glands. The dorsal lingual salivary glands are situated beneath the dorsal lingual epithelium. They extended from the caudal end of the fissure on the caudal lingual apex to the front of the laryngeal cleft. The dorsolateral salivary glands on each side extend from the beginning of the body of the tongue to the level of the laryngeal cleft. The ventral side of the tongue is devoid of any glandular structure. Neither the morphology nor the dimensions of the tongue show sex-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS: lingual structure shows considerable differences in budgerigars in comparision to other birds studied so far.
Cites background from "Light and scanning electron microsc..."
...The median groove is a characteristic feature found on the tongue of white tailed eagle, ducks and geese, whereas it is absent on the tongue of chickens and penguins (Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005; Whittow, 2000; Homberger and Meyers, 1989; Iwasaki and Kobayashi, 1986; Kobayashi et al.; 1998)....
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...…(Emura wt al., 2009); cormorants (Jackowiak et al., 2006); ostrich (Jackowiak and Ludwig; 2008), falcon and kestrel (Emura et al.; 2008), owl (Emura and Chen, 2008), white tailed eagle (Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005), penguin (Kobayashi et al.; 1998) and little tern (Homberger and Meyers, 1989)....
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...; 2008), owl (Emura and Chen, 2008), white tailed eagle (Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005), penguin (Kobayashi et al....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1919
TL;DR: A comprehensive and indispensable reference to the generic and family names of flowering plants and ferns can be found in the 8th edition of the Dictionary of Ferns as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Willis's Dictionary is a famous publication in the world of botany and horticulture It is a comprehensive and indispensable reference to the generic and family names of flowering plants and ferns The entries attempt to cover all published generic names from 1753 onwards and published family names from 1789, together with a number of supra- and infra-familial taxa where these have not been based on family or generic names The generic names include many variant spellings and inter-generic hybrids Brief characters of subfamilies are usually given The treatment of the families and higher taxa of the Pteridophyta is based on the classification scheme proposed by Pichi-Sermolli The synopses of the Bentham & Hooker and Engler & Prand systems are retained This eighth edition is now published in paperback in order to make it available to a wider readership, not only of professional botanists, but also students and serious amateurs
1,203 citations
TL;DR: Of all genera examined in the Ranunculaceae, only Nigella had this unusual stratification, and this difference in the exine structure would add support to the treatment of N. integrifolia as a monotypic genus, Komaroffia integrIfolia (Regel) Lemos Pereira.
Abstract: The pollen morphology of eight species of Nigella (Ranunculaceae) was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The exomorphology of all species was identical: 3-colpate, spinulose, and punctate, but thin sections revealed two structural patterns. The ektexine structure of Nigella integrifolia, consisting of thickened foot layer, columellae, and thin tectum, is typical for the family as well as the order Ranunculales in general. In contrast, the remaining seven species, N. arvensis, N. damascena, N. elata, N. hispanica, N. sativa, N. segetalis, and N. stellaris, have an ektexine with an additional unit, a horizontal layer with shorter columellae, placed between the foot layer and tectum. Of all genera examined in the Ranunculaceae, only Nigella had this unusual stratification. This difference in the exine structure would add support to the treatment of N. integrifolia as a monotypic genus, Komaroffia integrifolia (Regel) Lemos Pereira.
11 citations
01 Aug 1978
TL;DR: The ovule primordium of Nigella damascena is three-zonate, and the nucellus of most ovules is crassinucellate, which correspond with those of the supposedly most original type of the angiospermous ovule.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The ovule primordium of Nigella damascena is three-zonate. The nucellus of most ovules is crassinucellate. The inner integument is of dermal origin, whereas the outer integument is initiated subdermally. These ovule characteristics correspond with those of the supposedly most original type of the angiospermous ovule. The ovule can be used as a base of comparison with unitegmic ranunculaceous ovules and with ovules showing a structure intermediate between bi- and unitegmy.
11 citations
TL;DR: Sputtering is an easy, rapid and effective method for metal coating of pollen grains for examination in the scanning electron microscope as discussed by the authors, which allows of the observation of exine sculpturing which would be completely masked by a coating resulting from evaporation of carbon and metal.
Abstract: Sputtering is an easy, rapid and effective method for metal coating of pollen grains for examination in the scanning electron microscope. A very thin, regular and stable metal layer is obtained by bombarding a metal target with ions under a low vacuum, so that it ejects atoms on to the specimen. This allows of the observation of exine sculpturing which would be completely masked by a coating resulting from evaporation of carbon and metal. The sputtering method was tested on pollen of Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea and Betula pubescens. Very narrow perforations could be discerned in the exine, similar to those seen in the images of carbon replicas obtained by many authors with the transmission electron microscope.
6 citations
TL;DR: Chromosomal abnormalities have been found to occur in maximum frequency where 2, 4-D is present in the media with kinetin.
Abstract: SUMMARYDifferent types of auxin like IAA, NAA and 2, 4-D in combination with kinetin have been used for the initiation and maintenance of tissues of Nigella sativa. Both the changes in growth pattern and cytological behaviour have been observed in all the cases. Chromosomal abnormalities have been found to occur in maximum frequency where 2, 4-D is present in the media with kinetin.
4 citations