Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas
read more
Citations
Electromagnetically induced transparency : Optics in coherent media
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses
Plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency at the Drude damping limit.
Optomechanically Induced Transparency
References
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms.
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Related Papers (5)
Electromagnetically induced transparency : Optics in coherent media
Frequently Asked Questions (16)
Q2. How much light speed is obtained for pulse propagation in an atom cloud?
The authors obtain a light speed of 17 m s-1 for pulse propagation in an atom cloud initially prepared as an almost pure Bose±Einstein condensate (condensate fraction is >90%).
Q3. What is the dephasing rate of a probe?
The dephasing rate is proportional to the power density of the coupling laser and the authors expect, and ®nd, that probe pulses have a peak transmission that is independent of coupling intensity and a velocity which reduces linearly with this intensity.
Q4. Why is the atom cloud widening negligible?
Inhomogeneous broadening due to spatially varying Zeeman shifts is negligible (,20 kHz) for the low temperatures and correspondingly small cloud sizes used here.
Q5. What is the asymmetric harmonic trapping potential?
Only atoms in the MF 2 1 state, with magnetic dipole moments directed opposite to the magnetic ®eld direction (picked as the quantization axis), are trapped in the asymmetric harmonic trapping potential.
Q6. What is the speed of the light pulses?
With improved frequency stability of their set-up and lower coupling intensities, even lower light speeds would be possible, perhaps of the order of centimetres per second, comparable to the speed of© 1999 Macmillan Magazines Ltd598 NATURE | VOL 397 | 18 FEBRUARY 1999 | www.nature.comsound in a Bose±Einstein condensate.
Q7. How does the system show a nonlinear refractive index?
The authors report an inferred nonlinear refractive index of 0.18 cm2 W -1 and ®nd that the system shows exceptionally large optical nonlinearities, which are of potential fundamental and technological interest for quantum optics.
Q8. What is the atom cloud's refractive index?
The cloud was cooled to 450 nK (which is 15 nK above Tc), the peak density was 3:3 3 1012 cm 2 3, and the total number of atoms was 3:8 3 106.
Q9. What is the simplest way to measure the conductance of a SWNT?
Here the authors present measurements of the conductance of bundles (`ropes') of SWNTs as a function of temperature and voltage that agree with predictions for tunnelling into a Luttinger liquid.
Q10. What is the simplest way to achieve this?
With a system that avoids the | 1i-| 2i dephasing rate described above (which can be obtained by tuning to the Dl line in sodium), the method used here could be developed to yield the collisioninduced dephasing rate of the double condensate which is generated in the process of establishing electromagnetically induced transparency (see also refs 22, 23).
Q11. how fast does the optical pulses propagate in a vacuum?
Here the authors report an experimental demonstration of electromagnetically induced transparency in an ultracold gas of sodium atoms, in which the optical pulses propagate at twenty million times slower than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Q12. What is the output of the photomultiplier?
The output from the photomultiplier is ampli®ed by a 150-MHz-bandwidth ampli®er and the waveforms are recorded on a digital scope.
Q13. Why is the j1i! j2i transition so small?
j2i transition in their nanokelvin samples, application of very low coupling intensity leads to a transparency peak with a width much smaller than the natural line width of the j1i !
Q14. What is the refractive index for the probe beam?
Figure 2a shows the calculated transmission of the probe beam as a function of its detuning from resonance for parameters which are typical of this work.
Q15. How is the frequency of the coupling laser determined?
The frequency is then ®xed at resonance, and the temporal shape of the probe pulse is generated by controlling the r.f. drive power to the AOM.
Q16. What is the refractive index for zero probe detuning?
The refractive index for zero probe detuning is given by n 1 n2Ic where Ic is the coupling laser intensity, and n2 the cross phase nonlinear refractive index.