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Journal ArticleDOI

Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production by white-rot Basidiomycetes isolated from the forests of Georgia

01 Feb 2009-World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (Springer Netherlands)-Vol. 25, Iss: 2, pp 331-339
TL;DR: The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosystems of Georgia was investigated for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignecellulosic by-products.
Abstract: The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosystems of Georgia was investigated for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic by-products. Notable intergeneric and intrageneric differences were revealed with regard to the extent of hydrolase and oxidase activity. Several fungi produced laccase along with hydrolases in parallel with growth during the trophophase, showing that the synthesis of this enzyme is not connected with secondary metabolism. The lignocellulosic substrate type had the greatest impact on enzyme secretion. Some of the substrates significantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium with specific inducers. Exceptionally high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase, 122 U ml(-1)) and xylanase (195 U ml(-1)) activities were revealed in SF of mandarin peelings by Pseudotremella gibbosa IBB 22 and of residue after ethanol production (REP) by Fomes fomentarius IBB 38, respectively. The SSF of REP by T. pubescens IBB 11 ensured the highest level of laccase activity (24,690 U l(-1)), whereas the SSF of wheat bran and SF of mandarin peels provided the highest manganese peroxidase activity (570-620 U l(-1)) of Trichaptum biforme IBB 117. Moreover, the variation of lignocellulosic growth substrate provides an opportunity to obtain enzyme preparations containing different ratios of individual enzymes.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review deals with developments in bioprocess technologies, solid-state and submerged fermentation as well as on the strategies adopted for improving cellulase production or properties, including engineering the genes or designing enzyme cocktails.

569 citations


Cites background from "Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..."

  • ...Some of the substrates significantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium with specific inducers [44]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review integrates recent literature and the own data on the physiology of laccase and manganese peroxidase synthesis, focusing on the common characteristics and unique properties of individual fungi as well as on several approaches providing enhanced enzyme secretion.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides a complete overview of the different lignocellulose biomasses and their chemical compositions and a complete list of the white-rot fungi-derived lignOcellulolytic enzymes that have been identified and their molecular structures, mechanism of action in lignosine hydrolysis, and biochemical properties is summarized in detail.
Abstract: The development of alternative energy sources by applying lignocellulose-based biofuel technology is critically important because of the depletion of fossil fuel resources, rising fossil fuel prices, security issues regarding the fossil fuel supply, and environmental issues. White-rot fungi have received much attention in recent years for their valuable enzyme systems that effectively degrade lignocellulosic biomasses. These fungi have powerful extracellular oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes that degrade lignin and cellulose biopolymers, respectively. Lignocellulosic biomasses from either agricultural or forestry wastes are abundant, low-cost feedstock alternatives in nature but require hydrolysis into simple sugars for biofuel production. This review provides a complete overview of the different lignocellulose biomasses and their chemical compositions. In addition, a complete list of the white-rot fungi-derived lignocellulolytic enzymes that have been identified and their molecular structures, mechanism of action in lignocellulose hydrolysis, and biochemical properties is summarized in detail. These enzymes include ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase) and cellulolytic enzymes (endo-glucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and beta-glucosidase). The use of these fungi for low-cost lignocellulolytic enzyme production might be attractive for biofuel production.

165 citations


Cites background from "Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..."

  • ...The cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes from various white-rot fungi are divided into three major groups, namely, EG, CBH, and BGL [20, 27, 52, 53, 69, 73, 124] (Supplemental Table 3)....

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  • ...The cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes from various white-rot fungi are divided into three major groups, namely, EG, CBH, and BGL [20, 27, 52, 53, 69, 73, 124] (Supplemental Table 3)....

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  • ...versicolor, and Fomes fomentarius [26, 27, 29, 53, 72, 73, 124]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluated enzymatic activities of three marine-derived fungi under different carbon sources and salinity conditions showed high values of MnP and laccase activities under 12.5% and 23% (w/v) salinity, highlighting the potential use of these fungi for industrial applications and in bioremediation of contaminated sites having high salt concentrations.

153 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The parameters that affect SSF production of cellulase such as fermentation medium, duration, pH, temperature and moisture content, and potential methods that can improve cellulase production, namely genetic modification, co-culture of different fungal strains, and development of bioreactors are discussed.
Abstract: Cellulase serves vast applications in the industries of biofuel, pulp and paper, detergent and textile. With the presence of its three components i.e. endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase, the enzyme can effectively depolymerize the cellulose chains in lignocellulosic substrate to produce smaller sugar units that consist of cellobiose and glucose. Fungi are the most suitable cellulase producers attributing to its ability to produce a complete cellulase system. Solid state fermentation (SSF) by fungi is a preferable production route for cellulase as it imposes lower cost and enables the production of cellulase with higher titre. This article gives an overview on the major aspects of cellulase production via SSF by applying white-rot fungi (WRF) and brown-rot fungi (BRF), which include the type of lignocellulosic substrates for cellulase production, inoculum preparation and process conditions applied in SSF. The parameters that affect SSF production of cellulase such as fermentation medium, duration, pH, temperature and moisture content are highlighted. In addition, potential methods that can improve cellulase production, namely genetic modification, co-culture of different fungal strains, and development of bioreactors are also discussed.

153 citations


Cites background from "Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..."

  • ...This might due to the presence of other compounds such 247 as free sugars and organic acids [48]....

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  • ...First, the mycelia mat or mycelia disc from an agar plate 346 with actively grown fungi needs to be transferred into a liquid medium and it is then 347 incubated for 5 to 7 days [29, 48]....

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  • ...8 Bjerkandera adusta [59] Fomes fomentarious [48] Psedotremella gibbosa [48] Trichaptum biforme [48] Irpex lacteus [60] Ceriporiopsis subvermispora [61] Brown-rot fungi Laetiporeus Sulfurous [29] Fomitopsis [62] Wolfiporia Cocos [29] Piptoporus Betulinus [49] Gloeophyllum Trabeum [22, 44]...

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  • ...Genus Species Reference White-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium [21, 44-47] Trametes versicolor trogii pubescens hirsute ochracea [29, 48, 49] [50] [51] [48] [48] Pleurotus ostreatus dryinus tuberregium sajor-caju pulmonarius [48, 49, 52, 53] [53, 54] [53, 54] [55] [52] Lentinus edodes tigrinus [31, 47, 53, 54, 56, 57] [51, 58] Cerrena maxima [51] Funalia trogii [51, 54] Coriolopsis polyzona [51] Pycnoporus coccineus sanguineus [29, 51] [59]...

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  • ...amount of cellulase when it was cultivated on the residues of ethanol production from wheat 283 grains (REP) but not on maple leaves [48]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

25,389 citations


"Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...In all assays the release of reducing sugars was measured using the dinitrosalicylic acid reagent method ( Miller 1959 )....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cooney et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a new committee for the first time in 1981, with the following members: H. H. Cooney (USA), V. G. E. Ertola (Argentina; 1981-85); P. P. Stewart (Canada; Associate 1981-83); J. K. Jagannathan (India; 1983, 1985); L. C. Deliweg (FRG); 1983-85; G. G E. Righelato (UK); 1983, 85; and R. L. Davis (
Abstract: Chairman: 1981—83 H. Deliweg (FRG); 1983—85 C. L. Cooney (USA); Vice-Chairman: 1981—83 C. L. Cooney (USA); 1983—85 M. Ringpfeil (GDR); Secretary: 1981—83 R. C. Righelato (UK); 1983—85 G. G. Stewart (Canada); Titular and Associate Members: H. T. Blachère (France; Titular 1981—83); V. K. Eroshin (USSR; Associate 1981—83); A. Fiechter (Switzerland; Associate 1981—83); T. K. Ghose (India; Titular 1981—85); P. P. Gray (Australia; Associate 1983—85); J. Holló (Hungary; Titular 1981—83); A. E. Humphrey (USA; Associate 1981—83); M. Linko (Finland; Associate 1983—85); R. C. Righelato (UK; Associate 1983—85); G. G. Stewart (Canada; Associate 1981—83); J. Takahashi (Japan; Titular 1981—83); J. E. Zajic (USA; Associate 1981—83); National Representatives: R. J. Ertola (Argentina; 1981—85); P. P. Gray (Australia; 1981—83); H. J. G. Wutzel (Austria; 1981—85); W. Borzani (Brazil; 1981—85); M. Moo-Young (Canada; 1983—85); B. Sikyta (Czechoslovakia; 1981—85); K. Von Meyenburg (Denmark; 1981—85); H. Dellweg (FRG; 1983—85); M. Linko (Finland; 1981—83); L. Penasse (France; 1983—85); M. Ringpfeil (GDR; 1981—83); J. Holló (Hungary; 1983—85); V. Jagannathan (India; 1983—85); L. Goldstein (Israel; 1983—85); F. Parisi (Italy; 1983—85); S. Fukui (Japan; 1981—85); B. G. Yeoch (Malaysia; 1983—85); 0. Ilnicka-Olejiniczak (Poland; 1981—83); E. Galas (Poland; 1983—85); A. Fiechter (Switzerland; 1983—85); V. Johanides (Yugoslavia; 1981—85).

5,700 citations


"Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity was assayed according to IUPAC recommendations by mixing 70 ll appropriately diluted samples with 630 ll of low-viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose (1% w/v) in 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) at 40C for 10 min ( Ghose 1987 )....

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Book ChapterDOI
C. Stan Tsai1
14 Apr 2006

3,340 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a collaborative investigation of assays for endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity based on production of reducing sugars from polymeric 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan was conducted.

2,332 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes, and an illustrative survey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as cellulolytic, pectinolytics, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes.
Abstract: Enzymes are among the most important products. obtained for human needs through microbial sources. A large number of industrial processes in the areas of industrial, environmental and food biotechnology utilize enzymes at some stage or the other. Current developments in biotechnology are yielding new applications for enzymes. Solid state fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of enzymes. Tt can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented products may be used directly as enzyme sources. This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes. Following a brief discussion of the micro-organisms and the substrates used in SSF systems, and aspects of the design of fermenter and the factors affecting production of enzymes, an illustrative survey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as cellulolytic, pectinolytic, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes, etc.

912 citations


"Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme pro..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In SSF the fungi grow under conditions close to their natural habitats, due to which they may be more capable of producing enzymes as compared with submerged cultures (Pandey et al. 1999)....

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