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Limits to Pain

Nils Christie
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The article was published on 1981-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 228 citations till now.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Penal Communications: Recent Work in the Philosophy of Punishment

R. A. Duff
- 01 Jan 1996 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the role of hard treatment in punishment is portrayed as a prudential supplement, serving a limited deterrent role, or as itself part of a communicative process that aims to bring the criminal to repent his crime, reform himself, and thus reconcile himself with the moral standing of those who are punished or threatened with punishment.
Journal ArticleDOI

A culture of harm: Taming the dynamics of cruelty in supermax prisons.

TL;DR: The heightened risk of prisoner abuse that is created in supermax prison settings is examined to suggest that a combination of powerful contextual forces to which correctional officers are exposed can influence and affect them in ways that may engender a culture of mistreatment or harm.
Book ChapterDOI

Evaluation Research on Correctional Treatment in West Germany: A Meta-analysis

TL;DR: Compared with the United States and several West European countries, the institutionalization of treatment for criminals is only a relatively recent development in the Federal Republic of Germany and placement in a sociotherapeutic prison was introduced as a major legal basis and one of the major advances in penal reform.
Book

The Criminal Career: The Danish Longitudinal Study

TL;DR: Kyvsgaard et al. as mentioned in this paper conducted a longitudinal analysis of the life circumstances and criminal pursuits of 45,000 Danish offenders and provided a remarkably broad assessment of the full spectrum of criminal career patterns.
References
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Whose Side Are We On

Journal ArticleDOI

Conflicts as property

TL;DR: In this article, a court procedure that restores the participants' rights to their own conflicts is outlined, where the participants have lost their rights to participate in conflict resolution in the past.
Journal ArticleDOI

The informal economy

TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors suggest that a wide range of services which were once produced in the money economy are increasingly provided informally on a self-service basis. But they do not consider the role of the state in the provision of these services.