Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles as a new generation therapeutic delivery platform: A review
01 Nov 2013-European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (Eur J Pharm Biopharm)-Vol. 85, Iss: 3, pp 427-443
TL;DR: The current state of development for the LPNs preparation and applications is detailed, from which future research works needed to bring theLPNs closer to its clinical realization are identified.
About: This article is published in European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics.The article was published on 2013-11-01. It has received 496 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Drug delivery.
Citations
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TL;DR: The antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are involved are discussed and the limitations of current research are discussed.
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Nanotechnology may be particularly advantageous in treating bacterial infections. Examples include the utilization of NPs in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections. The antibacterial mechanisms of NPs are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative mechanisms. The multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes would require multiple simultaneous gene mutations in the same bacterial cell for antibacterial resistance to develop; therefore, it is difficult for bacterial cells to become resistant to NPs. In this review, we discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are involved. The limitations of current research are also discussed.
2,178 citations
Cites background from "Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles ..."
...For example, studies have shown that superior efficacy of in vivo cellular delivery can be achieved by lipid–polymer hybrid NPs compared with delivery without polymeric NPs or by liposomes.(60) In addition, a prolonged effective time can be achieved through the “combinatorial” method, which can effectively and significantly reduce the possibility of the development of resistance in bacteria....
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TL;DR: This work addresses the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-the authors stratify nanommaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or nuclear properties.
Abstract: In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality’s existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality—we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of thei...
816 citations
TL;DR: Future prospects for targeting CSCs for cancer therapies by using a variety of nanomaterials are highlighted and it remains an open question how nanommaterials can meet future demands for targeting and eradicating of C SCs.
Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in almost all cancers and give rise to metastases and can also act as a reservoir of cancer cells that may cause a relapse after surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. Thus they are obvious targets in therapeutic approaches and also a great challenge in cancer treatment. The threat presented by CSCs lies in their unlimited proliferative ability and multidrug resistance. These findings have necessitated an effective novel strategy to target CSCs for cancer treatment. Nanomaterials are on the route to providing novel methods in cancer therapies. Although there have been a large number of excellent work in the field of targeted cancer therapy, it remains an open question how nanomaterials can meet future demands for targeting and eradicating of cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarized recent and highlighted future prospects for targeting CSCs for cancer therapies by using a variety of nanomaterials.
618 citations
Cites background from "Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles ..."
...Polymeric nanoparticles are commonly prepared from natural polymers (such as chitosan) or synthetic biocompatible polymers [such as poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA)], while liposomes, analogs of biological membranes, have always been regarded as one of the most biocompatible vehicles for drug delivery (Colson and Grinstaff, 2012; Hadinoto et al., 2013; Mandal et al., 2013; Crucho, 2015)....
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...…biocompatible polymers [such as poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA)], while liposomes, analogs of biological membranes, have always been regarded as one of the most biocompatible vehicles for drug delivery (Colson and Grinstaff, 2012; Hadinoto et al., 2013; Mandal et al., 2013; Crucho, 2015)....
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TL;DR: The current state of lipid-based nanoparticle research is discussed, including the development of liposomes for cancer therapy, different strategies for tumor targeting, liposomal formulation of various anticancer drugs that are commercially available, recent progress in liposome technology for the treatment of cancer, and the next generation of nanoparticles.
Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most cancer treatments lack specificity, meaning that these treatments affect both cancer cells and their normal counterparts. Second, many anticancer agents are highly toxic, and thus, limit their use in treatment. Third, a number of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics are highly hydrophobic, which limits their utility in cancer therapy. Finally, many chemotherapeutic agents exhibit short half-lives that curtail their efficacy. As a result of these deficiencies, many current treatments lead to side effects, noncompliance, and patient inconvenience due to difficulties in administration. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems known commonly as nanoparticles. Among these delivery systems, lipid-based nanoparticles, particularly liposomes, have shown to be quite effective at exhibiting the ability to: 1) improve the selectivity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; 2) lower the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues, and thus, reduce their toxic side effects; 3) increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs; and 4) offer a prolonged and controlled release of agents. This review will discuss the current state of lipid-based nanoparticle research, including the development of liposomes for cancer therapy, different strategies for tumor targeting, liposomal formulation of various anticancer drugs that are commercially available, recent progress in liposome technology for the treatment of cancer, and the next generation of lipid-based nanoparticles.
493 citations
Cites background or methods from "Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles ..."
...ESE can be divided into a single and double emulsification....
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...Subsequently, the LPNs are generated by vortexing or ultrasonicating the mixture of polymer/ lipid suspension at a temperature higher than the gel-to-liquid transition temperature of the lipid (Hadinoto et al., 2013)....
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...By using nanoprecipitation, the encapsulation efficiency of DTX in 50–60 nm LPNs was 20% (Chan et al., 2009), whereas 200–300 nm LPNs prepared using the ESE method were able to encapsulate up to ;60% of PTX (Liu et al., 2010b)....
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...In contrast to the two-step method, the more recently developed one-step method involves mixing polymer with a lipid solution, which leads to self-assembly of lipid molecules around the polymer core by either nanoprecipitation or ESE forming the LPNs (Hadinoto et al., 2013)....
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...As observed in the two-step method and also nanoprecipitation, the lipid-PEG fraction in a lipid formulation also influences the colloidal stability of the resulting LPNs in ESE (Chu et al., 2011)....
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TL;DR: The opportunities for PLA blends in the biomedical arena are discussed, including the overview of blending and postblend processing techniques and the applications of PLA blends currently in use and under development.
344 citations
Cites background from "Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles ..."
...PLA blends with a variety of natural and synthetic polymers and lipids have been developed with tailored mechanical integrity to form a matrix to entrap the encapsulants and tune degradation profile for controlled release [93-96]....
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References
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TL;DR: For further successful development of this field, promising trends must be identified and exploited, albeit with a clear understanding of the limitations of these approaches.
Abstract: Liposomes — microscopic phospholipid bubbles with a bilayered membrane structure — have received a lot of attention during the past 30 years as pharmaceutical carriers of great potential. More recently, many new developments have been seen in the area of liposomal drugs — from clinically approved products to new experimental applications, with gene delivery and cancer therapy still being the principal areas of interest. For further successful development of this field, promising trends must be identified and exploited, albeit with a clear understanding of the limitations of these approaches.
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TL;DR: This work has shown that addition of PEG and PEG-containing copolymers to the surface of nanoparticles results in an increase in the blood circulation half-life of the particles by several orders of magnitude, and creates a hydrophilic protective layer around the nanoparticles that is able to repel the absorption of opsonin proteins via steric repulsion forces.
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TL;DR: These factors have been shown to substantially affect the biodistribution and blood circulation half-life of circulating nanoparticles by reducing the level of nonspecific uptake, delaying opsonization, and increasing the extent of tissue specific accumulation.
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TL;DR: The rationales for these studies, the current progress in studies of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems, and a perspective on the long-term implications of these findings are provided.
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