Lipids and fatty acids of the gastropod mollusc Cerethidea obtusa
TL;DR: The gastropod mollusc Cerithidea obtusa was examined for its lipids and fatty acids and the predominant fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids.
Abstract: The gastropod mollusc Cerithidea obtusa was examined for its lipids and fatty acids. The non-polar lipids identified were hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and sterols. The major phospholipid was phosphatidyl choline. The predominant fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Combinations of chromatographic techniques have been employed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the lipids and fatty acids of C. obtusa .
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TL;DR: The total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinus rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus gigas andCarcinoscorpius rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods. Fatty acid-containing lipids were rich in 16∶0 (8.0–25%), 18∶1ω9 (6.9–22%) and 18∶2ω6 (6.8–18.5%); appreciable amounts of 16∶1ω7, 18∶3ω3, 20∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3 were also present. The level of 26∶0 in the hydrocarbon fractions was unusually high (64 and 68%). Carbon chain lengths of major wax esters were 44, 46 and 48 forT. gigas and 38, 40 and 42 forC. rotundicauda. 1-O-Alkyl diglycerides were 7.2 and 9.1% of the total lipids in the two species and contained 14∶0(20%), 16∶0(60%) and 18∶0(20%) alkyl chains along with a relatively higher percentage (32–35%) of saturated fatty acids. High levels of cholesterol (>50% of total sterol) in the free and combined state were encountered in both samples, phospholipid contents being 40 and 35%, respectively, and contained highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
14 citations
TL;DR: The air breathing fish Boleophthalmus boddaerti has been studied for its lipids and fatty acids of body flesh as mentioned in this paper, and nonpolar lipids identified were wax esters, steryl esters and sterols.
Abstract: The air breathing fish Boleophthalmus boddaerti has been studied for its lipids and fatty acids of body flesh The nonpolar lipids identified were wax esters, steryl esters, l-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol, triacylglycerols and sterols Phospholipid was predominant (51%), the major component being phosphatidylcholine (67%) Polyenoic fatty acids of the ω3 series, ie EPA and DHA, were at considerably high concentrations in the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions Cholesterol was the major component (35%) of the different sterols found In neutral glyceryl ethers, fatty acids up to 28 carbons were recorded with unsaturated, anteiso, iso and normal chains In wax esters, up to 32 carbon chains were recorded © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
14 citations
Cites background from "Lipids and fatty acids of the gastr..."
...The high level of phospholipid is similar to other animals of the Sunderbans ecosystem, reported earlier (Dutta et al., 1986; Misra et al., 1986; Chattopadhyay, 1993)....
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..., 1989), gastropod molluscs (Dutta et al., 1986; Misra et al., 1986), and the bivalve (Chattopadhyay, 1993)....
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Book•
20 Jul 2018
TL;DR: This document summarizes current capabilities, research and operational priorities, and plans for further studies that were established at the 2015 USGS workshop on quantitative hazard assessments of earthquake-triggered landsliding and liquefaction in the Central American region.
Abstract: This comprehensive volume focuses exclusively on sea snails (or gastropods), which are popular food items and occupy an important role in the commercial shell craft industry. Familiar examples include conchs (highly sought after due to their mild flavor) and escargot, abalone, and periwinkle snails.
This book covers the profile (habitat, distribution, morphology, food and feeding, reproduction, conservation status, etc.) of about 180 species of commercial edible marine gastropod molluscs as well as their nutritional values, commercial importance, and pharmaceutical value. Also included is information on their prevalent diseases and parasites. The informative descriptions are presented in an easy-to-read style with neat illustrations.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fatty acid composition of the edible snail Turbo coronatus from the Bahrain sea was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and methyl esters of fatty acids (FAMEs) were analyzed.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the fatty acid composition of the edible snail Turbo coronatus from the Bahrain sea.Design/methodology/approach – Total lipid content was extracted and methyl esters of fatty acids (FAMEs) were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography.Findings – Gas‐liquid chromatography shows that saturated fatty acids (SFA) are the major forms of fatty acids, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The most abundant PUFA are linolenic acid (18:3n‐3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5n‐3), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6), and arachidonic acid (ARA 20:4n‐6), the MUFA 16:1 (n‐7), and the SFA 16:0, 14:0, 18:0 and 20:0. The sum of EPA and DHA is 8.04 per cent. The n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids ratio approximately (2:1) is within the range of marine molluscs. The principle differences in the fatty acid composition of Turbo coronatus than most marine molluscs is their low DHA (0.23±0.01 per cent), low PUFA (40.92 per cent), and high SFA contents ...
12 citations
TL;DR: The evaluation of the nutritional traits of P. candei and P. aspera shows that these limpets are good sources of essential fatty acids for human health and that the distribution of limpets is a key factor when determining its dietary value.
Abstract: Patella aspera and Patella candei are two abundant limpet species commercially exploited and often used as a delicacy in the Madeira Archipelago, but there is a lack of scientific knowledge about these species. This study investigated the nutritional value and fatty acids of this species across the coast of Madeira Archipelago. The lipid content (7.71–12.60% dw), proteins (48.22–64.09% dw), ashes (11.12–23.12% dw) and carbohydrates (4.5–10.9% dw) were determined in P. aspera and P. candei at different collection sites. In the fatty acid composition, a total of 23 fatty acids (FAs) were identified. P. aspera showed the highest amount of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs, 35.02%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 12.59%), and P. candei presented the highest level of oleic acid (OA, 28.25%), polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs, 27.26%) and arachidonic acid (AA, 11.38%). The Σω3/Σω6 dietary ratio presented levels > 0.25 suggesting that these marine molluscs are a good source of ω3 for dietary intake. Within each specie significant differences (p < 0.05) across sites were observed. High amounts of essential nutrients were shown in Patella species collected at Selvagens site while poorest levels were shown in Patella collected at Lido. The evaluation of the nutritional traits of P. candei and P. aspera shows that these limpets are good sources of essential fatty acids for human health and that the distribution of limpets is a key factor when determining its dietary value.
8 citations
References
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TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
46,099 citations
TL;DR: If the highest accuracy was not required, the following manipulations simplified and speeded multiple total phosphorus determinations on the eluates from column chromatographic separations.
Abstract: Malerials-30 per cent hydrogen peroxide (Baker and Adamson, phosphorus-free) and the ammonium molybdate, (NHJ6lMo7024.4Hz0, wereused. The Fiske and SubbaRow (I) reagent was prepared by adding 0.5 gm. of purified (1) 1-amino-2naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (Eastman Organic Chemicals) with mechanical stirring to 200 ml. of freshly prepared 15 per cent sodium bisulfite (anhydrous), followed by 1.0 gm. of anhydrous sodium sulfite. The solution was filtered, stored in a dark bottle, and iresmy prepared weekly. Procedure for Total Phosphorus Analysis-Up to 2.0 ml. of the sample to be analyzed and 0.5 ml. of 10 N HsS04 were placed in a 12-ml. conical centrifuge tube and heated in a 150-160”-oven for at least 3 hours. 2 drops of 30 per cent HsOz were added, and the solution was returned to the oven for at least 1.5 hours more to complete the combustion and to decompose all the peroxide. 4.6 ml. of 0.22 per cent ammonium molybdate (or 4.4 ml. of Hz0 plus 0.2 ml. of 5 per cent ammonium molybdate) and 0.2 ml. of the Fiske-SubbaRow reagent were added, mixed thoroughly, and heated for 7 minutes in a boiling water bath, with marbles covering the tubes. The optical density at 830 rnp was recorded with the use of a Beckman model B photometer with the red-sensitive phototube. This procedure for color development at 100” is hereafter designated the heating method. A longer period of digestion at 150-160” did not influence the results. I f an aliquot greater than 2.0 ml. was to be analyzed, it was first evaporated to dryness in a mechanical convection oven at about 110”. 1.0 ml. of H20 and 0.5 ml. of the 10 N HzS04 were then added with rinsing of the walls of the tubes, and the assay was continued as above. When more than 1 mmole of ammonium formate was present, the sample was evaporated to dryness at 110” in order to remove the formate; then Hz0 and H2S04 were added and the analysis continued as above. If the highest accuracy was not required, the following manipulations simplified and speeded multiple total phosphorus determinations on the eluates from column chromatographic separations. Aliquots from successive fractions were transferred to the 12-ml. centrifuge tubes with an automatic syringe,’ and the various reagents were delivered from elevated storage bottles
12,381 citations
TL;DR: A chemical reagent spray specific for phosphate esters, based on molybdenum blue, gives an instantaneous, specific reaction with phospholipids on silica gel or alumina thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates.
Abstract: A chemical reagent spray specific for phosphate esters, based on molybdenum blue, gives an instantaneous, specific reaction with phospholipids on silica gel or alumina thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. The reagent is prepared as two solutions: (I) add 40.11 g of MoO 3 to 1 liter of 25 N H 2 SO 4 and boil gently until dissolved, (II) add 1.78 g of powdered molybdenum to 500 ml of the first solution and boil gently for 15 minutes. The greenish yellow spray consists of equal parts of solutions I and II with two volumes of water. It is stable for months. Plates sprayed lightly show phosphate esters as blue spots on a white or light blue-grey background. The spots intensify on standing but are obscured by a darkening background after several hours. Detection limit is 0.005 mumole of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline. The spray can be used with Rhodamine 6G spray (universal lipids) and ninhydrin (amino groups); a sequential procedure of Rhodamine 6G, ninhydrin, and molybdenum spray is described in detail. The sensitivity of the molybdenum spray is halved when used after other sprays. Some of the compounds giving positive and negative reactions are listed in the article.
2,085 citations
TL;DR: Unlike arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5omega-3, E.P.A.) does not induce platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma (P.R.X.A.P.), probably because of the formation of thromboxane A3 (T.G.I3) which does not have platelet aggregating properties.
Abstract: Unlike arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid, C20:4omega-6, AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5omega-3, EPA) does not induce platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), probably because of the formation of thromboxane A3 (TXA3) which does not have platelet aggregating properties Moreover, EPA, like AA, can be utilised by the vessel wall to make an anti-aggregating substance, probably a delta17-prostacyclin (PGI3) This finding suggests that, in vivo, high levels of EPA and low levels of AA could lead to an antithrombotic state in which an active PGI3 and a non-active TXA3 are formed Eskimos have high levels of EPA and low levels of AA and they also have a low incidence of myocardial infarction and a tendency to bleed It is possible that dietary enrichment with EPA will protect against thrombosis
1,632 citations