Lipids and fatty acids of the horseshoe crabsTachypleus gigas andCarcinoscorpius rotundicauda
TL;DR: The total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas and Carcinus rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Total lipids from hepatopancreas of the horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus gigas andCarcinoscorpius rotundicauda, obtained in 7.6 and 3.3% wet weight respective yields, were fractionated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by gas-liquid chromatography and spectroscopic methods. Fatty acid-containing lipids were rich in 16∶0 (8.0–25%), 18∶1ω9 (6.9–22%) and 18∶2ω6 (6.8–18.5%); appreciable amounts of 16∶1ω7, 18∶3ω3, 20∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3 were also present. The level of 26∶0 in the hydrocarbon fractions was unusually high (64 and 68%). Carbon chain lengths of major wax esters were 44, 46 and 48 forT. gigas and 38, 40 and 42 forC. rotundicauda. 1-O-Alkyl diglycerides were 7.2 and 9.1% of the total lipids in the two species and contained 14∶0(20%), 16∶0(60%) and 18∶0(20%) alkyl chains along with a relatively higher percentage (32–35%) of saturated fatty acids. High levels of cholesterol (>50% of total sterol) in the free and combined state were encountered in both samples, phospholipid contents being 40 and 35%, respectively, and contained highest levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
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TL;DR: The present paper gives a review of the requirement and nutritive value of sterol, biosynthesis and metabolism of sterols, and composition and structure of sterolebrates in marine invertebrates.
Abstract: :
The sterol composition of marine invertebrates, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms, coelenterates, and sponges has been re-examined by using improved analytical techniques. As a result, the sterol composition of marine invertebrates has been shown to be more complex mixtures including many new types of sterols with unusual steroid nuclei or with non-conventional side chains. Some crustaceans and molluscs are of importance as seafood and aquaculture species. Crustaceans and some molluscs require dietary sources of sterol for growth and survival because of the absence of de novo sterol-synthesizing ability. The present paper gives a review of the requirement and nutritive value of sterols, biosynthesis and metabolism of sterols, and composition and structure of sterols in marine invertebrates.
156 citations
TL;DR: The altered lipid profile of the mature sperm membrane leads to changes in its fluidity that play an important role in determining the structure and functions of the biomembrane.
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29 citations
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The outer surface of leaf epidermis is covered with a substance called cutin which is usually impregnated with wax; together they comprise the cuticle as mentioned in this paper, which serves as a barrier to the passage of water in and out of the cell, thus preventing water inundation or dehydration.
Abstract: The plant surfaces which are exposed to the atmosphere, such as leaves, stems, fruits, and petals, are covered with a hydrophobic, water repellent substance called wax, of which the leaf waxes have received most attention. The outer surface of leaf epidermis is covered with a substance called cutin which is usually impregnated with wax; together they comprise the cuticle. The insoluble polymer cutin is composed of cross-linked hydroxy fatty acids (Kolattukudy 1975), which are released upon hydrolysis. The wax is a complex mixture of lipophilic substances such as hydrocarbons, wax esters, alcohols, and ketones (Tulloch 1976a). The cuticular wax plays an important role in preserving the water balance of the plant by reducing evaporation from the leaf surface. The hydrocarbons together with other waxy components serve as a barrier to the passage of water in and out of the cell, thus preventing water inundation or dehydration (Misra et al. 1984a; Weete et al. 1978). Other protective functions may include minimizing mechanical damage to leaf cells and inhibiting fungal and insect attack. The structural and functional roles of leaf epicuticular waxes along with their biosynthesis and some analytical aspects have been discussed in an excellent review by Eglinton and Hamilton (1967).
24 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that, for adult horseshoe crabs, starvation may stimulate a “hunger response”, which in turn might lead to consumption of some nutrient reserves in the animals, which can withstand prolonged starvation.
22 citations
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TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
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TL;DR: The idea of using a chromatographic adsorbent in the form of a thin layer fixed on an inert rigid support seems to have been suggested by Izmailov and Shraiber in 1938.
Abstract: The idea of using a chromatographic adsorbent in the form of a thin layer fixed on an inert rigid support seems to have been suggested by Izmailov and Shraiber in 1938. Meinhard and Hall[1] in 1949 developed this notion of an ‘open column’, and in 1951 Kirchner, Miller, and Keller[2] reported the separation of terpenes on a ‘chromatostrip’, prepared by coating a small glass strip with an adsorbent mixed with starch or plaster of Paris, which acted as a binder. The strips were handled in the same way that paper is handled in paper chromatography, and indeed the original object of the thin-layer technique was to apply the methods of paper partition chromatography to an adsorption system.
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