Liquid chromatography of saccharides
TL;DR: The analysis of saccharides by liquid chromatography on an automated instrument is described in this paper, where conditions for the resolution and quantification of fructose, glucose, sucrose, melibiose, raffinose, betaine and three kestose isomers as well as starch hydrolysates are given.
About: This article is published in Journal of Chromatography A.The article was published on 1975-02-19. It has received 267 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hydrophilic interaction chromatography & Melibiose.
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TL;DR: Hydrophilic-interaction chromatography fractionations resemble those obtained through partitioning mechanisms, and the chromatography of DNA, in particular, resembles the partitioning observed with aqueous two-phase systems based on polyethylene glycol and dextran solutions.
1,761 citations
TL;DR: The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.
Abstract: Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.
1,070 citations
TL;DR: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices.
Abstract: Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. Enhancing our understanding of retention behavior in HILIC increases the scope of possible applications of liquid chromatography. One interesting option may also be to use HILIC in orthogonal and/or two-dimensional separations. Bioapplications of HILIC systems are also presented.
978 citations
TL;DR: This review deals with recent advances in the development of HILIC phase separation systems with special attention to the properties of stationary phases.
597 citations
TL;DR: Electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography affords convenient separations of highly charged peptides that cannot readily be resolved by other means, including peptides, amino acids, and nucleotides.
Abstract: If an ion-exchange column is eluted with a predominantly organic mobile phase, then solutes can be retained through hydrophilic interaction even if they have the same charge as the stationary phase This combination is termed electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ERLIC) With mixtures of solutes that differ greatly in charge, repulsion effects can be exploited to selectively antagonize the retention of the solutes that normally would be the best retained This permits the isocratic resolution of mixtures that normally require gradients, including peptides, amino acids, and nucleotides ERLIC affords convenient separations of highly charged peptides that cannot readily be resolved by other means In addition, phosphopeptides can be isolated selectively from a tryptic digest
483 citations
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