Live longer, work longer
01 Jan 2008-Iss: 32, pp 65-81
About: The article was published on 2008-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 389 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Work (electrical).
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TL;DR: A holistic view of the study of computer use by older adults is provided, which provides a synthesis of the findings across these many disciplines, and attempts to highlight any gaps that exist.
632 citations
TL;DR: Boundaryless career theories are increasingly prominent in career studies and management studies, and provide a new "status quo" concerning modern careers as mentioned in this paper, however, inaccurate labelling, loose definitions, overemphasis on personal agency, normalization of boundaryless careers, and poor empirical support for the claimed dominance of boundary-less careers.
Abstract: Boundaryless career theories are increasingly prominent in career studies and management studies, and provide a new ‘status quo’ concerning modern careers. This paper contextualizes the boundaryless careers literature within management studies, and evaluates its contributions, including broadening concepts of career and focusing interorganizational career phenomena. It acknowledges the considerable stimulus given to career studies by this literature, but also offers a critique based on five issues: inaccurate labelling; loose definitions; overemphasis on personal agency; the normalization of boundaryless careers; and poor empirical support for the claimed dominance of boundaryless careers. Because these problems render the boundaryless career concept increasingly obsolete as a ‘leading edge’ construct in career studies, we offer new directions for theory and research. In particular we re-examine the role of career boundaries, and suggest the development of new, boundary-focused careers scholarship based o...
359 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article proposes that taking a temporal view of studying retirement would be most advantageous for psychologists, and links psychological conceptualizations of retirement to studying the changing nature of retirement.
Abstract: The concept and the process of retirement are rapidly evolving. As a result, psychologists are in a unique position to understand and explain the dynamics behind the changing face of retirement. We begin this article with a brief overview of the history of retirement and then note the various definitions used when studying retirement. We then propose that taking a temporal view of studying retirement would be most advantageous for psychologists. Psychological conceptualizations of retirement are then discussed, and we link these conceptualizations to studying the changing nature of retirement. Finally, we conclude with some suggestions for future research in the area of retirement that would be particularly relevant for psychologists to consider.
261 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the concept of "retirement timing" as the age or relative point at which workers exit from their position or career path (e.g., early, on time, and later) and propose a model to serve as an organizing framework for understanding retirement timing.
Abstract: Although there have been many reviews of the retirement literature in recent years, the issue of retirement timing has received less attention, neglecting some large and important issues. Further, a significant number of empirical articles about retirement timing have been published across multiple disciplines since these review articles were written. The purpose of our study is to review and integrate prior research regarding retirement timing. We define retirement timing as the age or relative point at which workers exit from their position or career path (e.g., early, on time, and later). We propose a model to serve as an organizing framework for understanding retirement timing. Our model includes antecedents and consequences that are each grouped in terms of individual, family, work, and sociocultural factors related to the timing of the retirement process. We identify and discuss key factors that serve to moderate the relation between retirement timing and consequences. Finally, we identify gaps in the current literature and provide recommendations for future research.
245 citations
TL;DR: This study tested whether soft qualities and abilities-e.g., reliability and commitment-are just as important as hard qualities-cognitive and physically based skills-in the eyes of both employers and employees.
Abstract: What determines the perceived productivity of the older worker and how does this perception compare to the perception of the productivity of the younger worker? In this study we present evidence based on data from Dutch employers and employees. Productivity perceptions are affected by one's age and one's position in the hierarchy. The young favor the young, the old favor the old, and employers value the productivity of workers less than employees do. However, there are also remarkable similarities across employers and employees. By distinguishing the various dimensions that underlie the productivity of younger and older workers, we tested whether soft qualities and abilities—e.g., reliability and commitment—are just as important as hard qualities—cognitive and physically based skills—in the eyes of both employers and employees. It appears that both employers and employees, young and old, view hard skills as far more important than soft skills.
245 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of agency is presented and empirical evidence which supports the hypothesis is provided, and the contract with mandatory-retirement clauses is Pareto efficient, where the date of mandatory retirement is chosen to correspond to the date for voluntary retirement, but the nature of the optimal wage profile results in a discrepancy between spot wage and spot VMP.
Abstract: This paper offers an explanation of the use of mandatory-retirement clauses in labor contracts. It argues that the date of mandatory retirement is chosen to correspond to the date of voluntary retirement, but the nature of the optimal wage profile results in a discrepancy between spot wage and spot VMP (value of the worker's marginal product). This is because it is preferable to pay workers less than VMP when young and more than VMP when old. By doing so the "agency" problem is solved, so the contract with mandatory retirement is Pareto efficient. A theory of agency is presented and empirical evidence which supports the hypothesis is provided.
1,924 citations
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1,142 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Gruber and David A. Wise as discussed by the authors discuss Social Security and Retirement in Belgium and Italy, and present a taxonomy of Social Security, Occupational Pensions, and Retirement.
Abstract: Introduction and Summary Jonathan Gruber and David A. Wise 1. Social Security and Retirement in Belgium Pierre Pestieau and Jean-Philippe Stijns 2. Social Security and Retirement in Canada Jonathan Gruber 3. Social Security and Retirement in France Didier Blanchet and Louis-Paul Pele 4. Social Security and Retirement in Germany Axel Borsch-Supan and Reinhold Schnabel 5. Social Security and Retirement in Italy Agar Brugiavini 6. Social Security and Retirement in Japan Naohiro Yashiro and Takashi Oshio 7. Social Security and Retirement in the Netherlands Arie Kapteyn and Klaas de Vos 8. Social Security and Retirement in Spain Michele Boldrin, Sergi Jimenez-Martin, and Franco Peracchi 9. Social Security, Occupational Pensions, and Retirement in Sweden Marten Palme and Ingemar Svensson 10. Pensions and Retirement in the United Kingdom Richard Blundell and Paul Johnson 11. Social Security and Retirement in the United States Peter Diamond and Jonathan Gruber
1,094 citations
TL;DR: A holistic view of the study of computer use by older adults is provided, which provides a synthesis of the findings across these many disciplines, and attempts to highlight any gaps that exist.
632 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main results of on-going OECD research into the effectiveness of active labour market policies are summarised and the main conclusions drawn from these results are summarized in detail.
Abstract: High and persistent unemployment has been a major blot on the economic and social record of most OECD countries since the early 1970s: the OECD average standardised unemployment rate rose from an estimated 3 per cent in 1973 to a peak of 8 per cent in 1993 before falling back to 6.4 per cent in 2000. In response to growing political concerns about the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment, various policy blueprints were developed in the 1990s to improve labour market performance on a durable basis. Prime examples include the OECD Jobs Strategy launched in 1994 and the EU Employment Guidelines which were launched in 1997 following the Amsterdam summit. These policy blueprints assign an important role to active labour market policies. But this emphasis begs the obvious question: what is the potential contribution which active labour market policies can make as part of a strategy to combat high and persistent unemployment? In order to answer this question, it is vital to know what works among active policies and f or whom. The OECD Secretariat has been working intensively on these questions in recent years and this paper summarises the main results of our work to date. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 1 provides some factual background on public spending on labour market policies in OECD countries over the period 1985-2000. The bulk of the paper summarises the main results of on‑going OECD research into the effectiveness of active labour market policies. This review mainly exploits two sources: (i) the recent literature on the evaluation of active labour market programme (Section 2); and (ii) in-depth country reviews and analytical studies which the OECD has conducted over the past decade on the interactions between active and passive labour market policies and the role of the public employment service (Section 3). The final section draws some conclusions.
612 citations