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Long-distance transport, vacuolar sequestration, tolerance, and transcriptional responses induced by cadmium and arsenic

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TLDR
This review focuses on the recent identification of transporters that sequester cadmium and arsenic in vacuoles and the mechanisms mediating the partitioning of these metal(loid)s between roots and shoots.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Plant Biology.The article was published on 2011-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 354 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cadmium.

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Source-to-sink transport of sugar and regulation by environmental factors

TL;DR: Current knowledge about the phloem transport mechanisms is summarized and the effects of several abiotic (water and salt stress, mineral deficiency, CO2, light, temperature, air, and soil pollutants) and biotic andmutualistic and pathogenic microbes, viruses, aphids, and parasitic plants are reviewed.
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Plant science: the key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning

TL;DR: Recent studies on rice (Oryza sativa) and Cd-hyperaccumulating plants that have led to important insights into the processes controlling the passage of Cd from the soil to edible plant organs are reviewed.
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Toxic Heavy Metal and Metalloid Accumulation in Crop Plants and Foods

TL;DR: Proteins mediating the uptake of arsenic and cadmium have been identified, and the speciation and biotransformations of arsenic are now understood, and factors controlling the efficiency of root-to-shoot translocation and the partitioning of toxic elements through the rice node have also been identified.
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Arsenic toxicity: The effects on plant metabolism

TL;DR: The two forms of inorganic arsenic, arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), are easily taken up by the cells of the plant root Once in the cell, AsV can be readily converted to AsIII, the more toxic of the two forms AsV and AsIII both disrupt plant metabolism, but through distinct mechanisms as mentioned in this paper.
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Cadmium in plants: uptake, toxicity, and its interactions with selenium fertilizers

TL;DR: The beneficial effects of Se on plants under Cd stress, and how it can minimize or mitigate Cd toxicity in plants is discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood.

TL;DR: This work has used extensive and realistic computer simulations to show that the topological accuracy of this new method is at least as high as that of the existing maximum-likelihood programs and much higher than the performance of distance-based and parsimony approaches.
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MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform

TL;DR: A simplified scoring system is proposed that performs well for reducing CPU time and increasing the accuracy of alignments even for sequences having large insertions or extensions as well as distantly related sequences of similar length.
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Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants

TL;DR: This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of toxic metal accumulation in plants and algae, the responses to metal exposure, as well as the understanding of metal tolerance and its evolution.
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Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain

TL;DR: It is reported that two different types of transporters mediate transport of arsenite, the predominant form of arsenic in paddy soil, from the external medium to the xylem, which explains why rice is efficient in arsenic accumulation.
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"Heavy metals" a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)

TL;DR: In this article, a new classification of heavy metals based on the periodic table is proposed, which should reflect our understanding of the chemical basis of toxicity and allow toxic effects to be predicted.
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