Long Range Nuclear Radiation Monitoring System using LPWAN Technology
09 Mar 2020-pp 1-5
TL;DR: A nuclear radiation monitoring system with a transmission range of 10 km is developed and validated and there is possibility of creating a network where number of different sensors located geographically apart can transmit to the same base station, thus providing simultaneous data analysis.
Abstract: A nuclear radiation monitoring system with a transmission range of 10 km is developed and validated. The designed system can be used for remote monitoring of nuclear radiation and collecting the data at ground stations located far apart from active site. It can be used to interface any wireless nuclear radiation sensor and has 10 years of operating lifetime. The transceiver is implemented using novel Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology which is specially designed for applications requiring long range transmissions at low data rate. The experimental testing of designed system shows that dose rate information can be transmitted upto 10 km in rural and 7 km in urban environment. Moreover, there is possibility of creating a network where number of different sensors located geographically apart can transmit to the same base station, thus providing simultaneous data analysis.
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TL;DR: The design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates are presented.
Abstract: Low power wide area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things, LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual LPWA technologies (e.g., LoRa Alliance, Weightless-SIG, and Dash7 alliance). We further note that LPWA technologies adopt similar approaches, thus sharing similar limitations and challenges. This paper expands on these research challenges and identifies potential directions to address them. While the proprietary LPWA technologies are already hitting the market with large nationwide roll-outs, this paper encourages an active engagement of the research community in solving problems that will shape the connectivity of tens of billions of devices in the next decade.
1,362 citations
"Long Range Nuclear Radiation Monito..." refers background in this paper
...LPWAN is a wireless network designed to allow long range communication at low bit rates among connected objects [6], [7]....
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TL;DR: It is shown that Sigfox and LoRa are advantageous in terms of battery lifetime, capacity, and cost, and NB-IoT offers benefits interms of latency and quality of service.
1,002 citations
04 Jun 2017
TL;DR: The coverage and capacity of SigFox, LoRa, GPRS, and NB-IoT is compared using a real site deployment covering 8000 km2 in Northern Denmark and the conclusion is that the 95 %-tile uplink failure rate for outdoor users is below 5 % for all technologies.
Abstract: In this paper the coverage and capacity of SigFox, LoRa, GPRS, and NB-IoT is compared using a real site deployment covering 8000 km2 in Northern Denmark. Using the existing Telenor cellular site grid it is shown that the four technologies have more than 99 % outdoor coverage, while GPRS is challenged for indoor coverage. Furthermore, the study analyzes the capacity of the four technologies assuming a traffic growth from 1 to 10 IoT device per user. The conclusion is that the 95 %-tile uplink failure rate for outdoor users is below 5 % for all technologies. For indoor users only NB-IoT provides uplink and downlink connectivity with less than 5 % failure rate, while SigFox is able to provide an unacknowledged uplink data service with about 12 % failure rate. Both GPRS and LoRa struggle to provide sufficient indoor coverage and capacity.
192 citations
"Long Range Nuclear Radiation Monito..." refers methods in this paper
...using different techniques to obtain long range, low power operation [11]....
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source and found that, in the ideal case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source.
Abstract: The ability to track illicit radioactive transport through an urban environment has obvious national security applications. This goal may be achieved by means of individual portal monitors, or by a network of distributed sensors. We have examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source. We examine signal-to-noise behavior that arises in the simple combination of data from networked radiation sensors. We find that, in the ideal case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source. We also discuss statistical techniques for localizing and tracking single and multiple radioactive sources.
155 citations
TL;DR: The footprint of radioactive plumes that extended from the FDNPP was illustrated and the distribution of air dose rate and radioactive cesium deposition on the ground within a radius of approximately 5 km from the nuclear power plant was calculated.
149 citations
"Long Range Nuclear Radiation Monito..." refers background in this paper
...Both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles with radiation sensors mounted on them have been deployed [3]....
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