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Journal Article

Long-term survival.

01 Jan 1988-Clinical Transplantation (Clin Transpl)-pp 277
TL;DR: In transplants performed between 1971 and 1986, first cadaver donor grafts had a half-life ranging from 6.6 to 7.5 years in the period after the first year, and for patients receiving kidneys with no HLA-A,B mismatches, the average half- life was 10.1 years.
Abstract: 1. In transplants performed between 1971 and 1986, first cadaver donor grafts had a half-life ranging from 6.6 to 7.5 years in the period after the first year. Second cadaver donor grafts had a half-life of 5.1 to 6.5 years. Parental donor grafts had a half-life of 9.3 to 11.8 years, whereas HLA identical sibling donor transplants had a half-life of 19.1 to 26.5 years. Siblings with no haplotype in common had an average half-life of 8.7 years. 2. Between 1971 and 1984, white recipients had an average half-life of 7.7 years, which increased to 9.3 years in 1985-1986. Black recipients' half-life decreased from 5.4 years in 1975-1976 to 3.5 years in 1985-1986. The reason for this decrease is not apparent. 3. The half-life of transplants of different recipient ages did not vary significantly. The average half-life during this period of study was 7.4 years for those younger than 21 years of age, 8.2 years for recipients 21 to 50 and 6.7 years for those older than 50. 4. In the early data, there was some evidence that the half-life of kidneys with cold ischemia below 13 hours was superior. However, in the latest period (between 1983 and 1986) the average half-life was 7.6 years for CIT below 13 hours, 7.2 years for those with 13 to 24 hours and 6.4 years for more than 24 hours. 5. For patients receiving kidneys with no HLA-A,B mismatches, the average half-life was 10.1 years. Those with A,B mismatches had a half-life of 6.7 years, and for those with no A,B antigens in common, the average half-life was 6 years. 6. In the period after 1981, the average half-life of patients with no A,B,DR mismatches was 9.1 years compared with 6.5 years for those with A,B,DR mismatches and 5.4 years for those with no A,B,DR antigens in common.
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Cites background from "Long-term survival."

  • ...inundative applications, and also serves as foundation for development of inoculative, classical, 1755 or conservation approaches (Loya and Hower, 2002; Preisser et al., 2005; Adjei et al., 2006; 1756 Barbara and Buss, 2006; Stuart et al., 2008)....

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  • ...…our ability to enhance efficacy of short-term 1754 inundative applications, and also serves as foundation for development of inoculative, classical, 1755 or conservation approaches (Loya and Hower, 2002; Preisser et al., 2005; Adjei et al., 2006; 1756 Barbara and Buss, 2006; Stuart et al., 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Juanita A. Haagsma1, Nicholas Graetz1, Ian Bolliger1, Mohsen Naghavi1, Hideki Higashi1, Erin C Mullany1, Semaw Ferede Abera2, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham3, Koranteng Adofo4, Ubai Alsharif5, Emmanuel A. Ameh6, Walid Ammar, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio7, Lope H Barrero8, Tolesa Bekele9, Dipan Bose10, Alexandra Brazinova, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lalit Dandona1, Rakhi Dandona11, Paul I. Dargan12, Diego De Leo13, Louisa Degenhardt14, Sarah Derrett15, Samath D Dharmaratne16, Tim Driscoll17, Leilei Duan18, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov19, Farshad Farzadfar20, Valery L. Feigin21, Richard C. Franklin22, Belinda J. Gabbe23, Richard A. Gosselin24, Nima Hafezi-Nejad20, Randah R. Hamadeh25, Martha Híjar, Guoqing Hu26, Sudha Jayaraman27, Guohong Jiang, Yousef Khader28, Ejaz Ahmad Khan29, Sanjay Krishnaswami30, Chanda Kulkarni, Fiona Lecky31, Ricky Leung32, Raimundas Lunevicius33, Ronan A Lyons34, Marek Majdan, Amanda J. Mason-Jones35, Richard Matzopoulos36, Peter A. Meaney37, Wubegzier Mekonnen38, Ted R. Miller39, Charles Mock40, Rosana E. Norman41, Ricardo Orozco, Suzanne Polinder, Farshad Pourmalek42, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar20, Amany H. Refaat43, David Rojas-Rueda, Nobhojit Roy44, David C. Schwebel45, Amira Shaheen46, Saeid Shahraz47, Vegard Skirbekk48, Kjetil Søreide49, Sergey Soshnikov, Dan J. Stein50, Bryan L. Sykes51, Karen M. Tabb52, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Eric Y. Tenkorang53, Alice Theadom21, Bach Xuan Tran54, Bach Xuan Tran55, Tommi Vasankari, Monica S. Vavilala40, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov56, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes57, Paul S. F. Yip58, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z. Younis59, Chuanhua Yu60, Christopher J L Murray1, Theo Vos1 
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, College of Health Sciences, Bahrain2, Harvard University3, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology4, Charité5, Ahmadu Bello University6, University of the Philippines Manila7, Pontifical Xavierian University8, Madawalabu University9, World Bank10, Public Health Foundation of India11, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust12, Griffith University13, University of New South Wales14, Massey University15, University of Peradeniya16, University of Sydney17, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention18, Russian Academy of Sciences19, Tehran University of Medical Sciences20, Auckland University of Technology21, James Cook University22, Monash University23, University of California, San Francisco24, Arabian Gulf University25, Central South University26, Virginia Commonwealth University27, Jordan University of Science and Technology28, Health Services Academy29, Oregon Health & Science University30, University of Sheffield31, University at Albany, SUNY32, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust33, Swansea University34, University of York35, South African Medical Research Council36, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia37, Addis Ababa University38, Curtin University39, University of Washington40, Queensland University of Technology41, University of British Columbia42, Suez Canal University43, Karolinska Institutet44, University of Alabama at Birmingham45, An-Najah National University46, Tufts Medical Center47, Norwegian Institute of Public Health48, Stavanger University Hospital49, University of Cape Town50, University of California, Irvine51, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign52, St. John's University53, Johns Hopkins University54, Hanoi Medical University55, National Research University – Higher School of Economics56, University of Gondar57, University of Hong Kong58, Jackson State University59, Wuhan University60
TL;DR: An overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD is provided, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on inpatient and outpatient data sets, 26 cause-of-injury and 47 nature-of-injury categories, and seven follow-up studies with patient-reported long-term outcome measures. Results In 2013, 973 million (uncertainty interval (UI) 942 to 993) people sustained injuries that warranted some type of healthcare and 4.8 million (UI 4.5 to 5.1) people died from injuries. Between 1990 and 2013 the global age-standardised injury DALY rate decreased by 31% (UI 26% to 35%). The rate of decline in DALY rates was significant for 22 cause-of-injury categories, including all the major injuries. Conclusions Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. The decline in rates for almost all injuries is so prominent that it warrants a general statement that the world is becoming a safer place to live in. However, the patterns vary widely by cause, age, sex, region and time and there are still large improvements that need to be made.

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