Los partidos políticos chilenos: cambio y estabilidad en el comportamiento electoral 1990-2000
01 Jan 2003-Revista De Ciencia Politica (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política)-Vol. 23, Iss: 2, pp 109-147
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the cambio and estabilidad of the electorado chileno in the periodo 1990-2000 is presented, with the aim of analyzing the effect of these transformations on the distribution of voters.
Abstract: Este articulo analiza el cambio y estabilidad del electorado chileno en el periodo 1990-2000. Chile esta experimentando transformaciones significativas en su comportamiento electoral. Ellas coexisten con importantes elementos de continuidad. Bajo una imagen de estabilidad se esta gestando un profundo realineamiento del electorado. Entre 1990 y el 2000 se observa un alto nivel de estabilidad electoral agregada; al mismo tiempo que un aumento del desinteres por la politica, desidentificacion con los partidos y aumento de la desconfianza con las instituciones democraticas. El objetivo especifico del articulo es estudiar cuan significativo es el cambio que ha sucedido en la distribucion electoral de los partidos, analizar las bases electorales de los partidos politicos chilenos y, finalmente, los efectos de estos movimientos y tendencias en el sistema de partidos.
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: Green and Shapiro as discussed by the authors assess rational choice theory where it is reputed to be most successful: the study of collective action, the behavior of political parties and politicians, and such phenomena as voting cycles and Prisoner's dilemma.
Abstract: This is the first comprehensive critical evaluation of the use of rational choice theory in political science. Writing in an accessible and nontechnical style, Donald P. Green and Ian Shapiro assess rational choice theory where it is reputed to be most successful: the study of collective action, the behavior of political parties and politicians, and such phenomena as voting cycles and Prisoner's Dilemmas. In their hard-hitting critique, Green and Shapiro demonstrate that the much heralded achievements of rational choice theory are in fact deeply suspect and that fundamental rethinking is needed if rational choice theorists are to contribute to the understanding of politics. In their final chapters, they anticipate and respond to a variety of possible rational choice responses to their arguments, thereby initiating a dialogue that is bound to continue for some time.
883 citations
TL;DR: Amarante et al. as discussed by the authors show that the participación electoral in Chile hoy no is menor a la observada hasta antes de 1973, and that the participation of chilenos in the plebiscito de 1988 represents a comprensible anomalia.
Abstract: Este trabajo muestra que la participacion electoral en Chile hoy no es menor a la observada hasta antes de 1973. La alta tasa de participacion en 1988 representa una comprensible anomalia. Despues de 15 anos sin votar, los chilenos participaron entusiastamente en el plebiscito. Pero a partir de entonces, la tasa de participacion tendio a la baja hasta llegar a fines de los 90 a niveles similares a los observados antes del quiebre democratico de 1973. Usando un marco teorico que aborda la participacion como una funcion basada en costos y beneficios, discute la participacion electoral en Chile en un contexto internacional, subrayando las diferencias y similitudes de los patrones existentes antes de 1973 y despues de 1988, enfatizando tanto logicas de inscripcion como de participacion electoral. Al hacerlo, aborda la tension que existe entre un electorado estable y un numero creciente de personas no inscritas para votar. Por ultimo, identifica algunas propuestas que permitirian eliminar las trabas institucionales que han llevado a la formacion de dos clases de adultos, aquellos que estando inscritos estan obligados a votar y los que al no estar inscritos no pueden sufragar. Puntualmente, argumenta que al automatizar la inscripcion se puede incorporar a todos sin tener siquiera que entrar a discutir la obligatoriedad del voto.
54 citations
TL;DR: In Chile, Bachelet triunfó en las elecciones presidenciales of 2013, a first for a fem fem femenine triunfo en la presidencia of Chile.
Abstract: Resumen: Por primera en vez Chile una mujer triunfo en las elecciones presidenciales. Sugerimos que la victoria de Michelle Bachelet se explico, en primer lugar, por sus atributos personales. Los chilenos la evaluaron como la candidata mas confi able y con mayor cercania, valorando ademas sus condiciones como posible gobernante. En segundo lugar, se vio favorecida por un ambiente politico y economico derivado de la reconocida gestion del ex presidente Ricardo Lagos. Un tema crucial que atraviesa todo el escrito corresponde a la solidaridad de genero. Se sostiene que el apoyo de las mujeres fue determinante para el triunfo de Bachelet, cuestion que se corrobora tanto a nivel de encuestas en terminos de intencion de voto como de resultados electorales fi nales por comuna. Segun las perspectivas de genero, las mujeres tienen mas obstaculos y barreras de entrada a la actividad politica que los hombres (Paxton y Kunovich 2003; Norris 2004). Por tanto, son las difi cultades de acceso las que impiden un incremento en su participacion en cargos publicos (Ai Camp 1996). Ademas, las mujeres conviven con otras restricciones asociadas, principalmente, a la obtencion de recursos economicos y a la disposicion del tiempo necesario para dedicarse a la politica (Norris y Lovenduski 1995). A pesar de todos estos obstaculos, Chile se presenta como un caso excepcional. Michelle Bachelet Jeria accedio al cargo mas importante del
47 citations
Cites background from "Los partidos políticos chilenos: ca..."
...Luego del quiebre institucional de 1973, los partidos se realinearon en dos grandes coaliciones que surgieron al alero de la división política autoritarismo-democracia (Carey 2002; Ortega Frei 2003; Torcal y Mainwaring 2003; Valenzuela 1999)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of socio economic conditions on the performance of coalitions in Chile's presidential election, finding that the coalicion gubernamental Concertacion and the bloque opositor Alianza obtiene mejores result compared to the other coalitions.
Abstract: economica que va mas alla de elecciones presidenciales y datos de opinion publica. Esta investigacion determina que las condiciones socio economicas (medidas a traves del Indice de Desarrollo Humano) tienen los efectos esperados en cuanto al porcentaje de votos recibidos por las dos coaliciones mayoritarias del pais (la coalicion gubernamental Concertacion y el bloque opositor Alianza). En terminos generales, la Concertacion obtiene mejores resultados en las comunas de mayor indice de desarrollo humano y la Alianza en comunas con niveles mas bajos de desarrollo humano. Si consideramos los efectos curvilineos, la Alianza por Chile vota mejor en las comunas con valores extremos de IDH y la Concertacion dentro de las comunas con valores medios. En otras palabras, la Concertacion presenta una distribucion con forma de U invertida (∩) y la Alianza lo opuesto (∪). Respecto al voto de la mujer, se puede afirmar que, si bien tiende a favorecer a los partidos de la Alianza por Chile, simultaneamente tiende significativamente a votar mas a las mujeres que a los hombres, dandose asi una suerte de solidaridad de genero
46 citations
TL;DR: A traves de los datos de LAPOP, el articulo busca un nuevo acercamiento al analisis de la division joven - adult, demostrando que, asi como existen diferencias sustanciales entre ambos grupos, tambien las hay entre quienes participaron o no del plebiscito de 1988 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aunque la evidencia demuestra que la variable juventud es consistente para caracterizar fenomenos como desafeccion politica, participacion o cambio social, este articulo ensaya un nuevo tipo de division generacional que podria ser adoptado por futuras investigaciones: la generacion politica postplebiscito. A traves de los datos de LAPOP, el articulo busca un nuevo acercamiento al analisis de la division joven - adulto, demostrando que, asi como existen diferencias sustanciales entre ambos grupos, tambien las hay entre quienes participaron o no del plebiscito de 1988.
44 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: Downs presents a rational calculus of voting that has inspired much of the later work on voting and turnout as discussed by the authors, particularly significant was his conclusion that a rational voter should almost never bother to vote.
Abstract: Downs presents a rational calculus of voting that has inspired much of the later work on voting and turnout. Particularly significant was his conclusion that a rational voter should almost never bother to vote. This conclusion, especially as elaborated on by Riker and Ordeshook (1968) has shifted the attention of modern political scientists from explaining why people don't vote to explaining why they do.
14,677 citations
"Los partidos políticos chilenos: ca..." refers background in this paper
...Anthony Downs en su clásico libro An Economic Theory of Democracy, sostuvo que cada hombre racional decide votar tal como toma todas las otras decisiones: si los beneficios superan los costos, él vota; si no, se abstiene (Downs, 1957: 260)....
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...Una primera aproximación se genera desde las Teorías de la elección Racional, Rational Choice Theory (Downs, 1957; Riker y Ordeshook, 1968)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1989TL;DR: A theory of the democratic process: justifications -the idea of equal intrinsic worth personal autonomy a theory of democratic process the problem of inclusion as discussed by the authors, and a critique of guardianship, is presented in the paper "The Sources of modern democracy: the first transformation to the democratic city-state toward the second transformation - republicanism, representation, and the logic of equality".
Abstract: Part 1 The sources of modern democracy: the first transformation - to the democratic city-state toward the second transformation - republicanism, representation, and the logic of equality. Part 2 Adversarial critics: anarchism guardianship a critique of guardianship. Part 3 A theory of the democratic process: justifications - the idea of equal intrinsic worth personal autonomy a theory of the democratic process the problem of inclusion. Part 4 Problems in the democratic process: majority rule and the democratic process majority rule - practise process and substance process versus process when is a people entitled to the democratic process? Part 5 The limits and possibilities of democracy: the second democratic transformation - from the city-state to the nation-state democracy, polyarchy, and participation how polyarchy developed in some countries and not others is minority domination inevitable? pluralism, polyarchy and the common good common good as process and substance. Part 6 Toward a third transformation: democracy in tomorrow's world sketches for an advanced democratic country.
3,515 citations
TL;DR: A theory of the democratic process: justifications -the idea of equal intrinsic worth personal autonomy a theory of democratic process the problem of inclusion as discussed by the authors, and a critique of guardianship, is presented in the paper "The Sources of modern democracy: the first transformation to the democratic city-state toward the second transformation - republicanism, representation, and the logic of equality".
Abstract: Part 1 The sources of modern democracy: the first transformation - to the democratic city-state toward the second transformation - republicanism, representation, and the logic of equality. Part 2 Adversarial critics: anarchism guardianship a critique of guardianship. Part 3 A theory of the democratic process: justifications - the idea of equal intrinsic worth personal autonomy a theory of the democratic process the problem of inclusion. Part 4 Problems in the democratic process: majority rule and the democratic process majority rule - practise process and substance process versus process when is a people entitled to the democratic process? Part 5 The limits and possibilities of democracy: the second democratic transformation - from the city-state to the nation-state democracy, polyarchy, and participation how polyarchy developed in some countries and not others is minority domination inevitable? pluralism, polyarchy and the common good common good as process and substance. Part 6 Toward a third transformation: democracy in tomorrow's world sketches for an advanced democratic country.
2,931 citations
"Los partidos políticos chilenos: ca..." refers background in this paper
...El sufragio es un elemento indispensable de la democracia y el sufragio universal es considerado uno de los criterios básicos para que una elección sea considerada democrática (Dahl, 1989)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reinterpret the voting calculus so that it can fit comfortably into a rationalistic theory of political behavior and present empirical evidence that citizens actually behave as if they employed this calculus.
Abstract: Much recent theorizing about the utility of voting concludes that voting is an irrational act in that it usually costs more to vote than one can expect to get in return.1 This conclusion is doubtless disconcerting ideologically to democrats; but ideological embarrassment is not our interest here. Rather we are concerned with an apparent paradox in the theory. The writers who constructed these analyses were engaged in an endeavor to explain political behavior with a calculus of rational choice; yet they were led by their argument to the conclusion that voting, the fundamental political act, is typically irrational. We find this conflict between purpose and conclusion bizarre but not nearly so bizarre as a non-explanatory theory: The function of theory is to explain behavior and it is certainly no explanation to assign a sizeable part of politics to the mysterious and inexplicable world of the irrational.2 This essay is, therefore, an effort to reinterpret the voting calculus so that it can fit comfortably into a rationalistic theory of political behavior. We describe a calculus of voting from which one infers that it is reasonable for those who vote to do so and also that it is equally reasonable for those who do not vote not to do so. Furthermore we present empirical evidence that citizens actually behave as if they employed this calculus.3
2,241 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1994TL;DR: The Transformation of European Social Democracy as discussed by the authors analyzes the party's competitive situation in the electoral arena, the constraints and opportunities of party organisation, and the role of ideological legacies to explain the strategic choices social democratic parties have made and the electoral results they have achieved.
Abstract: This book explains the contrasting strategies and their electoral fortunes of social democratic parties in the major European democracies in the 1970s and 1980s. Going beyond approaches that focus on the influence of class structure and political economic institutions, The Transformation of European Social Democracy analyses the party's competitive situation in the electoral arena, the constraints and opportunities of party organisation, and the role of ideological legacies to explain the strategic choices social democratic parties have made and the electoral results they have achieved. Far from being doomed to decline, social democracy's success depends on its ability to transform its political message and to construct new electoral coalitions.
1,259 citations
"Los partidos políticos chilenos: ca..." refers background in this paper
...…que los factores políticos son los principales estructuradores del sistema de partidos y de los conflictos políticos y sociales (Sartori, 1969; Kitschelt, 1994; Pakulski y Waters, 1996; Chhibber y Torcal, 1997; Kriesi, 1998); reflexionamos sobre el comportamiento electoral de los chilenos…...
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