Low-Cost Housing in India: A Review
01 Jul 2019-Vol. 294, Iss: 1, pp 012092
TL;DR: A review of various housing initiatives undertaken in India, housing technologies and evaluation criteria that are used to choose an appropriate technology is presented in this article, where a discussion on sustainability aspects of low-cost house construction is presented.
Abstract: The Government of India is on a mission to meet the housing needs of all in the society by 2022. This implies that about 27 million houses are expected to be constructed in the next 5 to 10 years. As of today, 5.1 million houses have been sanctioned under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Houses for Economically Weaker Section (EWS) group and Low Income Group (LIG) represent a major portion of this initiative. Construction of millions of houses is expected to generate large demand for materials and energy at the national level. There is a need to evaluate alternate materials, construction methods and construction plans to conserve materials and energy use at the aggregate level. This study presents a review of various housing initiatives undertaken in India, housing technologies and evaluation criteria that are used to choose an appropriate technology. Further, a discussion on sustainability aspects of low cost house construction is presented.
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TL;DR: In this article , the components of the prefabricated sandwich panel system (falling under one of the 6 categories) are discussed in detail further the various opportunities and onsite challenges coming out while implementing this technology are enlisted and possible solutions are provided.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a novel approach that connects the building bill of quantity data with publicly available analysis of rate documents to obtain the detailed material inventory and combined the material inventory data with the newly available India-specific environmental footprint database of construction materials to calculate the impacts of a building during its different life cycle stages (cradle to site).
Abstract: A massive amount of building construction is expected in economically developing nations such as India over the next few years. The first step in ensuring that the new construction takes place in a sustainable manner is the knowledge about the building’s impact on multiple environmental domains. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a promising tool for this, but its application in the Indian construction sector is hampered by a lack of access to detailed inventory data on amounts of all building materials used and the per unit environmental footprints of individual materials (characterization factors). Here, we overcome these limitations by proposing a novel approach that connects the building bill of quantity data with publicly available analysis of rate documents to obtain the detailed material inventory. The approach then combines the material inventory data with the newly available India-specific environmental footprint database of construction materials to calculate the impacts of a building during its different life cycle stages (cradle to site). We demonstrate the new approach through a case study of a residential building within a hospital in North-East India and quantify its environmental footprint on six domains of the environment: energy use, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxidant formation potential. Results show that out of 78 materials used, bricks, aluminum sections, steel bars, and cement are the major contributors to the building’s total environmental impact. The material manufacturing stage is the hotspot in the building’s life cycle. Our approach can act as a template for conducting “cradle-to-site” LCA of buildings for which BOQ data becomes available in India and other countries in the future.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the importance level of criteria segmented according to Low-Income Communities in South Jakarta, obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, where the three criteria with the highest order are safe residence, flood-free living area, availability of clean water for daily needs.
Abstract: Abstract
The problem that comes from year to year in Jakarta is the high demand for housing, especially for Low-Income Communities. The DKI Jakarta Government has implemented a program that is expected to be able to answer these problems by carrying out a lot of simple flats for rent or simple flats for sale construction and providing subsidies to LowIncome Communities. There are 6 Criteria and 31 Sub-Criteria that underlie the selection of a residence. Analysis of the importance level of criteria segmented according to Low-Income Communities in South Jakarta, obtained by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, where the 3 criteria with the highest order are safe residence, flood-free living area, availability of clean water for daily needs. The data on the importance of criteria based on Low-Income Communities are then analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process by asking 5 experts for the views of what is the best alternative for providing livable housing for Low-Income Communities in South Jakarta. The selection of the location for the construction is based on 5 experts, according to expert judgment Jl. Joe belongs to a relatively quiet area that meets the criteria for a safe place to live, in the Jl. Joe also has a water channel for flood prevention in accordance with the criteria for a flood-free area, while for the availability of clean water for daily needs, the three areas in the proposed alternative have relatively the same availability of clean water.
01 Jul 2023
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Book•
03 Mar 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive discussion on urban growth and sprawl, and how they can be analyzed using remote sensing imageries; their patterns, process, causes, consequences, and countermeasures; and what are the merits and demerits of available methods and models.
Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive discussion on urban growth and sprawl, and how they can be analyzed using remote sensing imageries. It compiles views of numerous researchers that help in understanding the urban growth and sprawl; their patterns, process, causes, consequences, and countermeasures; how remote sensing data and geographic information system techniques can be used in mapping, monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and simulating the urban growth and sprawl; and what are the merits and demerits of available methods and models. This book will be of value for the scientists and researchers engaged in urban geographic research, especially using remote sensing imageries. This book will serve as a rigours literature review for them. Post graduate students of urban geography or urban/regional planning may refer this book as additional studies. This book may help the academicians for preparing lecture notes and delivering lectures. Industry professionals may also be benefited from the discussed methods and models along with numerous citations.
481 citations
"Low-Cost Housing in India: A Review..." refers background in this paper
...Housing is said to be affordable to people with median household income as rated by the Government by a recognized housing affordability index (Bhatta, 2010)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the major impediments to a sustainable low-cost housing provision in urban South Africa, including macroeconomic conditions, enduring historical legacies of race and class, scale and rapidity of urban growth and institutional challenges.
158 citations
"Low-Cost Housing in India: A Review..." refers background in this paper
...Travelling long distances to work place increases carbon footprint (Goebel, 2007)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the life cycle energy of the house enclosures and energy consumed during their life spans and found that the initial embodied energy of typical brick and clay roof enclosures is 45 GJ compared to the other typical walls and roof material (cement based) which is 46 GJ.
109 citations
"Low-Cost Housing in India: A Review..." refers background in this paper
...Larasati et al. (2017) came up with a method to reduce embodied energy of materials used in construction in Indonesia....
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...A study in Indonesia (Utama and Gheewala, 2008) shows life cycle energy as 0.25-0.26 GJ/m2/year for 40 years of service life....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the existing literature on the quantification of embodied carbon by both direct and indirect emissions as well as demonstrating the application of a hybrid life cycle assessment method in building construction.
92 citations
"Low-Cost Housing in India: A Review..." refers background in this paper
...In a similar study using precast wall panels, it is noted that about 26.27% of total embodied energy reduction can be achieved compared to cast in-situ (Omar et al. 2014)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a case study on life cycle energy analysis of a residential development consisting of 96 identical apartment-type homes located in Southern India is presented, where energy use due to transportation of materials and construction equipment use at site are quantified.
90 citations