Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With Wide 3 dB Beamwidth
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile circularly polarized (CP) narrow-slots slotted-patch antenna for wide 3-dB axial-ratio beamwidth (ARBW) performance is presented.
Abstract: In this letter, a low-profile circularly polarized (CP) narrow-slots slotted-patch antenna for wide 3 dB axial-ratio beamwidth (ARBW) performance is presented. It consists of two pairs of narrow slots along the diagonal lines of a square patch with a single feed. These pairs of narrow slots are conceived and placed to serve as magnetic dipoles with quarter-wavelength separation, forcing the amplitude of the orthogonal electric field components to be equal across a wide angle. The 3 dB ARBW of the CP antenna is a strong function of the mutual magnetic field, which is feasible to alter with different parameters of the slot. The location, dimensions, and gap between the slots are tuned to achieve wide 3 dB ARBW. Measured results of the fabricated prototype exhibit 3 dB ARBW of 226° with ARmin of 0.52 dB and 198° with ARmin of 1.61 dB in two principal planes at $\boldsymbol{\varphi } = \text{0}^\circ $ and $\boldsymbol{\varphi } = \text{90}^\circ $ , respectively. The antenna offers impedance bandwidth of 85 MHz (2.448–2.533 GHz) and CP bandwidth (CPBW) of 23 MHz (2.474–2.497 GHz). The minimum peak gain is 3.87 dBic in the broadside direction.
Citations
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TL;DR: Comprehensive numerical validation carried out using three wideband antennas indicates that the presented methodology offers considerable savings of sixty percent and algorithm reliability is greatly improved over the recent state-of-the-art accelerated gradient-based procedures.
Abstract: Optimization-based parameter tuning has become an inherent part of contemporary antenna design process. For the sake of reliability, it is typically conducted at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This may incur considerable computational expenses depending on the cost of an individual EM analysis, the number of adjustable variables, the type of task (local, global, single-/multi-objective optimization), and the constraints involved. For these reasons, utilization of conventional algorithms is often impractical. This paper proposes a novel gradient-based algorithm with numerical derivatives for expedited antenna optimization. The improvement of computational efficiency is obtained by employing a rank-one Broyden formula and restricting finite differentiation sensitivity updates to the principal directions of the Jacobian matrix, i.e., those corresponding to the most significant changes of the antenna responses. Comprehensive numerical validation carried out using three wideband antennas indicates that the presented methodology offers considerable savings of sixty percent with respect to the reference trust-region algorithm. At the same time, virtually no degradation of the design quality is observed. Furthermore, algorithm reliability is greatly improved (while offering comparable computational efficiency) over the recent state-of-the-art accelerated gradient-based procedures.
4 citations
Cites background from "Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Pa..."
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TL;DR: In this article, a low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is presented, where two-pair of parallel slots are etched on a circular patch and manifested as magnetic dipoles (MDs).
Abstract: In this article, a low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is presented. Two-pair of parallel slots are etched on a circular patch and manifested as magnetic dipoles (MDs). These narrow slots are arranged symmetrically about the axes, and one pair is orthogonal to another pair of slots. The philosophy of CP radiation across a wide angular range strongly depends on the spacing between the paired-dipoles, for example spacing of $0.22\lambda _{0}$ , two-orthogonal far-field radiated components become equal across a wide-angle. Moreover, this particular spacing between the paired-dipoles provides a symmetrical electric field distribution along the periphery of the patch, which ensures the broadside LHCP radiation with wide 3-dB ARBW of 228° and 214° at the plane of $\varphi = 0^{\circ }$ and $\varphi = 90^{\circ }$ , respectively. The measured results from the fabricated prototype exhibit good agreement with the simulated results. The antenna has impedance bandwidth (IBW) and CP bandwidth (CPBW) of 2.6% (64 MHz), and 0.9% (22 MHz), respectively. The broadside radiation holds antenna gain higher than 5 dBic across the entire CPBW.
4 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a printed dual-polarized metasurface (MTS) inspired printed monopole antenna using characteristics modes theory (CMT) is investigated for UHF RFID applications.
Abstract: In this research article, a printed dual‐polarized metasurface (MTS) inspired printed monopole antenna using characteristics modes theory (CMT) is investigated for UHF RFID applications. A T‐shaped monopole with U‐shaped asymmetric stubs is designed to generate circular polarization (CP) radiation traits. The grounded MTS layer is constructed with array of unit cells and fixed at air‐gap of λo/4 with reference to the monopole radiator (λo is free‐space wavelength at CP frequency band, 945 MHz), offering good impedance bandwidth (IBW), stable CP boresight radiation gain, and high radiation efficiency. By using CMT, interpretation of CP characteristics is highlighted, that is, the resonating modes exhibit asymptotic nature at the designated CP band with symptotic nature above and beyond the designated operating bands. Dual‐polarized characteristics are observed in both principal planes, due to the effect of grounded MTS loading. The prototype antenna of 0.315λo × 0.315λo is designed and validated. It operates from 836 to 1066 MHz with 24.18% IBW, 5.23% 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) from 905.1 to 950 MHz and attains >6.8 dBic as a CP peak gain with the total efficiency of >83%. Prior to the attainment of good CP attributes in UHF RFID bands, it can be used for RF energy harvesting and wireless power transmission.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a low-pro(cid:12)le GNSS microstrip circular polarization antenna is proposed and analyzed, and the antenna has an extremely wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW).
Abstract: |A novel low-pro(cid:12)le GNSS microstrip circular polarization antenna is proposed and analyzed. Circular polarization is realized by asymmetric structure patch, and an arc structure loaded on the main radiator can keep two modes orthogonal over a wide-angle range, so that the antenna has an extremely wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW). The far-(cid:12)eld AR beamwidths obtained are 232 ◦ and 212 ◦ respectively in the main plane of φ = 0 ◦ and φ = 90 ◦ . In φ = 45 ◦ and φ = 135 ◦ , 3 dB AR beamwidths are 241 ◦ and 244 ◦ , far exceeding the 120 ◦ required for satellite applications. In the whole CP band, 78.95% of the beam width exceeds 180 ◦ . The pro(cid:12)le is only 0.0156 (cid:21) 0 , which is suitable, especially, for portable wireless systems or devices. The return loss bandwidth of (cid:0) 10 dB is 5.13% (1.52 GHz{ 1.6 GHz), which covers BeiDou Navigation System B1 (1.561 GHz). The axial ratio bandwidth is 1.28% (1.55 GHz{1.57 GHz), and the in-band peak gain is 4.09 dBi.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, four compact asymmetric-slit microstrip antennas were proposed and studied for circular polarization by cutting asymmetrical slits in diagonal directions onto the square microstrip patches, the single coaxial feed microstrip patch antennas were realized for circularly polarized radiation with compact antenna size.
Abstract: Four compact asymmetric-slit microstrip antennas are proposed and studied for circular polarization. By cutting asymmetrical slits in diagonal directions onto the square microstrip patches, the single coaxial-feed microstrip patch antennas are realized for circularly polarized radiation with compact antenna size. The performances of the proposed antennas with several asymmetric-slit shapes onto the patch radiators are compared. The measured 10-dB return loss and 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidths of the antenna prototype are around 2.5% and 0.5%, respectively. The proposed asymmetric-slit configurations are useful for compact circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas and array design.
194 citations
"Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Pa..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-band, circularly polarized (CP), wide beamwidth, and highly efficient antenna for use in global positioning systems (GPS) is presented.
Abstract: This communication presents a multi-band, circularly polarized (CP), wide beamwidth, highly efficient antenna for use in global positioning systems (GPS). The primary radiating elements are two crossed printed dipoles, which incorporate a 90° phase delay line realized with a vacant-quarter printed ring to produce the CP radiation and broadband impedance matching. To achieve multiple resonances, each dipole arm is divided into four branches with different lengths, and a printed inductor with a barbed end is inserted in each branch to reduce the radiator size. An inverted, pyramidal, cavity-backed reflector is incorporated with the crossed dipoles to produce a unidirectional radiation pattern with a wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth and a high front-to-back ratio. The multi-band antennas have broad impedance matching and 3-dB AR bandwidths, which cover the GPS L1-L5 bands.
107 citations
"Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Pa..." refers methods in this paper
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TL;DR: In this article, a dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized patch antenna with wide beamwidth is proposed, where the two-layer structure comprises circular patches with offset circular slots connected to rectangular slots.
Abstract: A dual-frequency dual-circularly polarised patch antenna with wide beamwidth is proposed. The two-layer structure comprises circular patches with offset circular slots connected to rectangular slots. They provide orthogonal perturbations realising RHCP and LHCP for the lower and upper bands, respectively. The wide beamwidth is realised by extending the substrate beyond the groundplane. Measurements show a maximum beamwidth of 180deg and gains of 3.9 and 0.5 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively, for the upper band. The measured beamwidth for the low band is 130deg with a maximum gain of 3.9 and -0.7 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively. The axial-ratio is less than 3 dB in the hemisphere for elevations greater than 10deg for both bands.
96 citations
"Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Pa..." refers methods in this paper
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TL;DR: In this paper, a compact circularly polarized diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch antennas with compact size was proposed, which can be achieved using any arbitrarily shaped slots in diagonal directions on the square microstrip patch antenna.
Abstract: Circularly polarized diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch antennas are proposed with compact size The compact circularly polarized (CP) diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch (DSSMP) antenna design rules are also summarized Circularly polarized radiation can be achieved using any arbitrarily shaped slots in diagonal directions on the square microstrip-patch antenna Different shapes for the slots are studied and compared, based on the fixed overall volume of the antenna for circularly polarized diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch antennas The cross-shaped-slot diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch antenna is compact when compared with the circular-, square-, and circular-ring-shaped diagonally symmetric slotted microstrip-patch antennas A measured 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of around 07% (60 MHz) with 20% (180 MHz) impedance bandwidth was achieved The measured boresight gain was more than 33 dBic over the operating band, while the overall antenna size was 0272λ0 × 0272λ0 × 00138λ0 at 0905 GHz
65 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a pin-loaded circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) was proposed, where four shorting pins were introduced along the diagonals of the dual-fed square patch, and two degenerate modes in a single-fed CP patch antenna were slightly separated in resonant frequencies.
Abstract: Pin-loaded circularly polarized (CP) patch antennas with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) are proposed in this paper. The ARBW of a CP patch antenna is mainly dependent on its electrical width at a frequency, while the patch size at resonance is fully controlled by the shunt inductive load. First of all, four shorting pins are introduced along the diagonals of the dual-fed square patch, so as to exhibit that the 3-dB ARBW can be significantly extended if the shorting position and pin radius are properly chosen. Next, the two degenerate modes in a single-fed CP patch antenna are slightly separated in resonant frequencies by loading another pair of shorting pins along the central line of the patch, so as to excite CP radiation. After extensive analysis is executed, two patch antennas with and without shorting pins are fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show good agreement, and both of them demonstrate that the 3-dB ARBW is tremendously improved from 50° to 140° or gets nearly 90° increment by means of the proposed method.
50 citations
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