Low Reynolds number friction reduction with polymers and textures

TLDR: In this paper, an experimental investigation with surface textures and a non-Newtonian polymer solution (polyisobutylene in oil) was conducted to determine synergistic effects on laminar hydrodynamic friction reduction.

Abstract: We present an experimental investigation with surface textures and a Non-Newtonian polymer solution (polyisobutylene in oil) to determine synergistic effects on laminar hydrodynamic friction reduction. Gap controlled experiments were performed on a custom parallel disk tribo-rheometer to systematically vary the Reynolds number (0.1–16), Weissenberg number (0.1–30), and Deborah number (0.005–0.5) in bi-directional sliding motion with five different texture geometries: cylindrical holes with varying asymmetric angle β. Cavitation effects are not present, thus normal force is produced solely by the textures and the lubricant rheology. Contrary to Newtonian fluids without cavitation, the normal force is positive, independent of the direction of motion when shear normal forces dominate purely viscous effects. We observe that the normal thrust can be larger than a simple superposition of forces due to viscous hydrodynamics and shear normal stresses. This synergistic coupling between the asymmetric textures and the polymer solution (at high Wi) produces an optimal angle of texture asymmetry β for dramatically decreasing the effective coefficient of friction compared to the Newtonian oil without polymer.