Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: Heat storage materials

doi:10.1016/0038-092X(83)90186-X

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Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: Heat storage materials

Journal Article•DOI•

Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: Heat storage materials

A. Abhat¹•Institutions (1)

University of Stuttgart¹

01 Jan 1983-Solar Energy (Pergamon)-Vol. 30, Iss: 4, pp 313-332

TL;DR: In this article, the melting and freezing behavior of various heat-of-fusion storage materials is investigated using the techniques of Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

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About: This article is published in Solar Energy.The article was published on 1983-01-01. It has received 1455 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal analysis & Thermal energy storage.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications

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Atul Sharma¹, V.V. Tyagi, Chen Chang-Ren¹, Dharam Buddhi•Institutions (1)

Kun Shan University¹

01 Feb 2009-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process.

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Abstract: The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal-storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. This paper also summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available thermal energy storage systems incorporating PCMs for use in different applications.

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4,482 citations

Additional excerpts

...The PCM to be used in the design of thermal-storage systems should passes desirable thermophysical, kinetics and chemical properties which are as follows [8,9]:...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications

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Belén Zalba¹, José Mª Marín¹, Luisa F. Cabeza², Harald Mehling•Institutions (2)

University of Zaragoza¹, Canadian Real Estate Association²

01 Feb 2003-Applied Thermal Engineering

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the history of thermal energy storage with solid-liquid phase change has been carried out and three aspects have been the focus of this review: materials, heat transfer and applications.

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4,019 citations

Cites background or methods from "Low temperature latent heat thermal..."

...Among the most thorough references related with phase change materials, one can cite Abhat [1], Lane [2,3] and Dincer and Rosen [4]....
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...In 1983 Abhat [1] gave a useful classification of the substances used for TES, shown in Fig....
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...61 (30 C) [5] 996 (30 C) [5] 917 (solid, 0 C) [1] LiClO3 3H2O 8....
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...1455 (solid, 18 C) [1] 1480 [6] Mn(NO3)2 6H2O 25....
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...Among the most thorough references related with phase change materials, one can cite Abhat [1], Lane [2,3] and Dincer and Rosen [4]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications

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Mohammed Farid¹, Amar M. Khudhair¹, Siddique Ali K. Razack², Said Al-Hallaj²•Institutions (2)

University of Auckland¹, Illinois Institute of Technology²

01 Jun 2004-Energy Conversion and Management

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the phase change materials (PCM) and their application in energy storage is presented, where the main advantages of encapsulation are providing large heat transfer area, reduction of the PCMs reactivity towards the outside environment and controlling the changes in volume of the storage materials as phase change occurs.

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2,636 citations

Cites background from "Low temperature latent heat thermal..."

...(b) Latent heat of melting of non-paraffin organic compounds [4]....
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...(c) Latent heat of melting/mass of inorganic compounds [4]....
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...1(a–e), as reported by Abhat [4]....
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...(a) Latent heat of melting of paraffin compounds [4]....
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...(d) Latent heat of melting/volume of inorganic compounds [4]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of materials, heat transfer and phase change problem formulation for latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS)

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Francis Agyenim¹, Neil Hewitt, Philip C. Eames², Mervyn Smyth•Institutions (2)

Ulster University¹, Loughborough University²

01 Feb 2010-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this paper, the phase change problem has been formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for, which makes it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications.

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Abstract: This paper reviews the development of latent heat thermal energy storage systems studied detailing various phase change materials (PCMs) investigated over the last three decades, the heat transfer and enhancement techniques employed in PCMs to effectively charge and discharge latent heat energy and the formulation of the phase change problem. It also examines the geometry and configurations of PCM containers and a series of numerical and experimental tests undertaken to assess the effects of parameters such as the inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (HTF). It is concluded that most of the phase change problems have been carried out at temperature ranges between 0 °C and 60 °C suitable for domestic heating applications. In terms of problem formulation, the common approach has been the use of enthalpy formulation. Heat transfer in the phase change problem was previously formulated using pure conduction approach but the problem has moved to a different level of complexity with added convection in the melt being accounted for. There is no standard method (such as British Standards or EU standards) developed to test for PCMs, making it difficult for comparison to be made to assess the suitability of PCMs to particular applications. A unified platform such as British Standards, EU standards needs to be developed to ensure same or similar procedure and analysis (performance curves) to allow comparison and knowledge gained from one test to be applied to another.

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1,630 citations

Cites background or methods from "Low temperature latent heat thermal..."

...A detailed list of PCMs studied or proposed for study can be found in [51,62–65]....
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...Since the late 70s a number of studies have been conducted to assess the overall thermal behaviours of latent heat thermal storage systems [34–59]....
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...The classification of energy storage and the materials used are detailed in [51]....
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...The main criteria that govern the selection of phase change heat storage materials are [51]:...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) in building applications

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Dan Zhou¹, Changying Zhao², Yuan Tian¹•Institutions (2)

University of Warwick¹, Shanghai Jiao Tong University²

01 Apr 2012-Applied Energy

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized previous works on latent thermal energy storage in building applications, covering PCMs, the impregnation methods, current building applications and their thermal performance analyses, as well as numerical simulation of buildings with PCMs.

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1,569 citations

Cites background from "Low temperature latent heat thermal..."

...To be a desirable material used in latent heat storage systems, the following criteria need to be met: thermodynamic, kinetic, chemical and economic properties, which are shown in Table 3 [8]....
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...[8] Solar Energy 1983 Latent heat storage in temperature range 0-120°C was reviewed from the aspects of thermal properties and long term stability of different kinds of PCMs as well as corrosion problems....
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...Most reviews [8, 10, 11, 14, 17] mainly focused on the PCMs rather than the building applications....
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...In 1983, Abhat [8] first wrote a review on the low temperature latent heat storage systems, which gave a useful classification of PCMs....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Nucleation of supersaturated inorganic salt solutions

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Maria Telkes

01 Jan 1952-Industrial & Engineering Chemistry

159 citations

Phase-change materials handbook

[...]

D. V. Hale, M. J. Hoover, M. J. Oneill

01 Sep 1971

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide theory and data needed by the thermal design engineer to bridge the gap between research achievements and actual flight systems, within the limits of the current state of the art of phase change materials (PCM) technology.

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Abstract: This handbook is intended to provide theory and data needed by the thermal design engineer to bridge the gap between research achievements and actual flight systems, within the limits of the current state of the art of phase change materials (PCM) technology. The relationship between PCM and more conventional thermal control techniques is described and numerous space and terrestrial applications of PCM are discussed. Material properties of the most promising PCMs are provided; the purposes and use of metallic filler materials in PCM composites are presented; and material compatibility considerations relevant to PCM design are included. The engineering considerations of PCM design are described, especially those pertaining to the thermodynamic and heat transfer phenomena peculiar to PCM design. Methods of obtaining data not currently available are presented. The special problems encountered in the space environment are described. Computational tools useful to the designer are discussed. In summary, each aspect of the PCM problem important to the design engineer is covered to the extent allowed by the scope of this effort and the state of the art.

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154 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Thermal energy storage using sodium sulfate decahydrate and water

[...]

Dipak R. Biswas

01 Jan 1977-Solar Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the major problem preventing use of sodium sulfate decahydrate for thermal energy storage can be avoided by using the composition which is at or slightly to the water-rich side of the invariant point in the phase diagram.

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114 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Thermal energy storage for solar heating and off-peak air conditioning

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H. G. Lorsch¹, Kenneth W. Kauffman, Jesse C. Denton•Institutions (1)

Franklin Institute¹

01 Jan 1975

TL;DR: Parametric designs for two latent heat materials (sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and a paraffin wax) and for a sensible heat material (a 1:1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol) were compared as to cost, performance, and space requirements.

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Abstract: Latent heat thermal energy storage materials suitable for solar heating and off-peak air conditioning were investigated and evaluated in terms of criteria developed to judge their usefulness. The often recommended sodium sulfate decahydrate and its mixtures were shown to have undesirable melting properties, causing a reduction in storage capacity upon repeated cycling. Materials more suitable at present are paraffin waxes for solar heating and paraffin waxes and tetrahydrofuran hydrate for off-peak air conditioning. Sensible heat storage has the economic advantage of not requiring heat transfer surfaces between storage and collection and between storage and delivery. Latent heat storage provides operational advantages of smaller temperature swings and lower, more efficient solar collector temperature, smaller size and lower weight per unit of storage capacity. The optimization of the thermal energy storage subsystem is dependent on the collection and delivery characteristics of the system. Parametric designs for two latent heat materials (sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and a paraffin wax) and for a sensible heat material (a 1:1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol) were compared as to cost, performance, and space requirements. The conditions of equal cost for latent heat and sensible heat storage systems were determined as functions of latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and the temperature swing allowed in the sensible heat storage tank. The comparative designs include the cost of the heat exchanger required for latent heat storage and the operating penalty due to storage temperature swings inherent in sensible heat storage.

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112 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An investigation of the thermal energy storage capacity of Glauber's salt with respect to thermal cycling

[...]

Stephen B. Marks¹•Institutions (1)

University of Delaware¹

01 Jan 1980-Solar Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the thermal energy storage capacity of the unthickened mixture to the thickened mixture as a function of thermal cycling and showed a significant improvement in performance of the thinnened mixture over that of the Glauber's salt and borax mixture.

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81 citations