DOI•
Luces y sombras de la reforma de la salud en Colombia. Ley 100 de 1993
01 Jul 2010-Vol. 9, Iss: 18, pp 118-123
About: The article was published on 2010-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 21 citations till now.
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01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Titles & abstract s Titles & abstracts include N=54 Include N=121 Including N=89 Ex exclude N = 0 Exclude N = 1,024 Exclusion N = 21.
Abstract: Titles & abstract s Titles & abstracts Include N=54 Include N=121 Include N=89 Exclude N = 0 Exclude N = 1,024 Exclude N = 21
2,189 citations
TL;DR: Recommendations are to restructure the reform's public health component, strengthen the technical capacity in public health of the state, mainly at the local and departmental levels, and to improve the health information system by reorienting its objectives to public health goals.
Abstract: Law 100 introduced the Health Sector Reform in Colombia, a model of managed competition. This article addresses the effects of this model in terms of output and outcomes of TB control. Trends in main TB control indicators were analysed using secondary data sources, and 25 interviews were done with key informants from public and private insurers and provider institutions, and from the health directorate level. We found a deterioration in the performance of TB control: a decreasing number of BCG vaccine doses applied, a reduction in case finding and contacts identification, low cure rates and an increasing loss of follow up, which mainly affects poor people. Fragmentation occurred as the atomization and discontinuity of the technical processes took place, there was a lack of coordination, as well as a breakdown between individual and collective interventions, and the health information system began to disintegrate. The introduction of the Managed Competition (MC) in Colombia appeared to have adverse effects on TB control due to the dominance of the economic rationality in the health system and the weak state stewardship. Our recommendations are to restructure the reform's public health component, strengthen the technical capacity in public health of the state, mainly at the local and departmental levels, and to improve the health information system by reorienting its objectives to public health goals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
60 citations
TL;DR: The consequences of health sector reforms on control of malaria were analyzed using Colombia as an example as mentioned in this paper, where a series of studies was undertaken in 1998-2000 at the national level (Ministry of Health Study), at the state level (Departamento Study) and at the health district level (District Study) using formal and informal interviews among control staff and document analysis as data collection tools.
Abstract: The consequences of health sector reforms on control of malaria were analysed using Colombia as an example. One of the most complex health sector reform programmes in Latin America took place in the 1990s; it included transferring the vertical vector-borne disease control (VBDC) programme into health systems at state and district levels. A series of studies was undertaken in 1998-2000 at the national level (Ministry of Health Study), at the state level (Departamento Study) and at the health district level (District Study) using formal and informal interviews among control staff and document analysis as data collection tools. A government-financed national training programme for VBDC staff - which included direct observation of control operations - was also used to analyse health workers' performance in the postreform period (longitudinal study). The results showed that some shortcomings of the old vertical system, such as the negative aspects of trade union activity, have not been overcome while some positive aspects of the old system, such as capacity building, operational planning and supervision have been lost. This has contributed to a decrease in control activity which, in turn, has been associated with more malaria cases. Malaria control had to be reinvented at a much larger scale than anticipated by the reformers caused by a whole series of problems: complex financing of public health interventions in the new system, massive staff reductions, the difficulty of gaining access to district and state budgets, redefining entire organizations and - in addition to the reforms - introducing alternative strategies based on insecticide-treated materials and the growth of areas of general insecurity in many parts of Colombia itself. However, positive signs in the transformed system include: the strengthening of central control staff (albeit insufficient in numbers) when transferred from the Ministry of Health to the National Institute of Health, the opportunities offered by the Basic Health Plan (PAB) for new planning initiatives and intersectoral co-operation and the integration of malaria diagnosis and treatment into the general health services (associated with a decrease of malaria mortality). The potentials of the new system have not yet been fully exploited: capacity building, communication and management skills need to be improved and it require guidance from the national level.
49 citations
TL;DR: The general conclusion is that the transition period of health reform in Colombia takes far longer than anticipated and requires a much greater information flow to both the local level and the community.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of health reform in Colombia on public health programs at the local level, particularly the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and the tuberculosis control program. The research was developed in three health districts in two States by analysis of documents, direct observation, and longitudinal follow-up of the transition process. The health districts were unprepared for the change, resulting in insufficient technical skills among staff as well as lack of awareness of important elements in the new system, associated with a reduction in immunization coverage and tuberculosis case detection. Structural problems in the new system included loss of immunization opportunities and lack of examination of tuberculosis contacts. The potentialities of the new system were the local development of a new organizational structure and the improvement of the information system; a limiting factor was exposure of the health system to local political interests. The general conclusion is that the transition period takes far longer than anticipated and requires a much greater information flow to both the local level and the community. There are transitory but also structural maladjustments that require a political response.
36 citations
TL;DR: Of 11,376 cases, 7,787 were new pulmonary smear-positive cases; most of them were males aged 25 to 34 years, with the highest incidence in age group 65 or older, and a decrease was observed in respiratory symptomatic patients aged 15 years or older.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem in Colombia. Therefore, in 2002, the epidemiological behavior of TB was described in order to identify priority interventions for its control. Data were analyzed from the 2002 ?Quarterly Report of Cases and Activities? collected by the National TB Program. TB demonstrated a fluctuating behavior during the past decade, particularly until 1997, when regularly increasing trend began. Two thirds of the 32 departments of Colombia had incidence rates above the national average (>26 per 100,000); six departments were classified as being at very high risk (incidence >50 per 100,000). Of 11,376 cases, 7,787 were new pulmonary smear-positive cases; most of them were males aged 25 to 34 years, with the highest incidence in age group 65 or older. A decrease was observed in respiratory symptomatic patients aged 15 years or older. Smear positivity from all patients was 3.8% and the smear average was 1.6 per patient. Follow up indicators are still under the desirable levels.The application of health care guidelines to TB patients by health care institutions, as well as the development of monitoring activities, the report feedback are essential elements in an effective TB control program. However, successful implementation also requires careful supervision at each level of application and political will at local and department levels to adhere to DOTS.
36 citations