M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issues, and Enabling Technologies
TL;DR: This paper proposes an M2M service platform (M2SP) architecture and its functionalities, and presents the M1M ecosystem with this platform and discusses the issues and challenges of enabling technologies and standardization activities.
Abstract: Machine-to-Machine (M2M) refers to technologies with various applications. In order to provide the vision and goals of M2M, an M2M ecosystem with a service platform must be established by the key players in industrial domains so as to substantially reduce development costs and improve time to market of M2M devices and services. The service platform must be supported by M2M enabling technologies and standardization. In this paper, we present a survey of existing M2M service platforms and explore the various research issues and challenges involved in enabling an M2M service platform. We first classify M2M nodes according to their characteristics and required functions, and we then highlight the features of M2M traffic. With these in mind, we discuss the necessity of M2M platforms. By comparing and analyzing the existing approaches and solutions of M2M platforms, we identify the requirements and functionalities of the ideal M2M service platform. Based on these, we propose an M2M service platform (M2SP) architecture and its functionalities, and present the M2M ecosystem with this platform. Different application scenarios are given to illustrate the interaction between the components of the proposed platform. In addition, we discuss the issues and challenges of enabling technologies and standardization activities, and outline future research directions for the M2M network.
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TL;DR: This survey makes an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks, including the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN, and underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies.
Abstract: The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.
2,624 citations
Cites background from "M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issu..."
...Major reviews of existing M2M research works include various commercial, hardware and research platforms [133] as well as major architectural enhancements, network functionalities and implementation challenges [134]....
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TL;DR: This article provides a comprehensive review on emerging and enabling technologies related to the 5G system that enables IoT, such as 5G new radio, multiple-input–multiple-output antenna with the beamformation technology, mm-wave commutation technology, heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the role of augmented reality (AR) in IoT, which are discussed in detail.
Abstract: Recently, wireless technologies have been growing actively all around the world. In the context of wireless technology, fifth-generation (5G) technology has become a most challenging and interesting topic in wireless research. This article provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G wireless systems. IoT in the 5G system will be a game changer in the future generation. It will open a door for new wireless architecture and smart services. Recent cellular network LTE (4G) will not be sufficient and efficient to meet the demands of multiple device connectivity and high data rate, more bandwidth, low-latency quality of service (QoS), and low interference. To address these challenges, we consider 5G as the most promising technology. We provide a detailed overview of challenges and vision of various communication industries in 5G IoT systems. The different layers in 5G IoT systems are discussed in detail. This article provides a comprehensive review on emerging and enabling technologies related to the 5G system that enables IoT. We consider the technology drivers for 5G wireless technology, such as 5G new radio (NR), multiple-input–multiple-output antenna with the beamformation technology, mm-wave commutation technology, heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the role of augmented reality (AR) in IoT, which are discussed in detail. We also provide a review on low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), security challenges, and its control measure in the 5G IoT scenario. This article introduces the role of AR in the 5G IoT scenario. This article also discusses the research gaps and future directions. The focus is also on application areas of IoT in 5G systems. We, therefore, outline some of the important research directions in 5G IoT.
896 citations
Cites background or methods from "M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issu..."
...Some of the important LPWA technologies, which can be used in 5G IoT, are discussed below and summarized in Table III [7], [8], [15], [18], [66], [121]....
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...The smart sensors used in different IoT applications are shown in Table II [2], [22], [26], [36], [47], [121]....
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TL;DR: The flexible nature of GFDM makes this waveform a suitable candidate for future 5G networks, and its main characteristics are analyzed.
Abstract: Cellular systems of the fourth generation (4G) have been optimized to provide high data rates and reliable coverage to mobile users. Cellular systems of the next generation will face more diverse application requirements: the demand for higher data rates exceeds 4G capabilities; battery-driven communication sensors need ultra-low power consumption; and control applications require very short response times. We envision a unified physical layer waveform, referred to as generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), to address these requirements. In this paper, we analyze the main characteristics of the proposed waveform and highlight relevant features. After introducing the principles of GFDM, this paper contributes to the following areas: 1) the means for engineering the waveform's spectral properties; 2) analytical analysis of symbol error performance over different channel models; 3) concepts for MIMO-GFDM to achieve diversity; 4) preamble-based synchronization that preserves the excellent spectral properties of the waveform; 5) bit error rate performance for channel coded GFDM transmission using iterative receivers; 6) relevant application scenarios and suitable GFDM parameterizations; and 7) GFDM proof-of-concept and implementation aspects of the prototype using hardware platforms available today. In summary, the flexible nature of GFDM makes this waveform a suitable candidate for future 5G networks.
809 citations
Cites background from "M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issu..."
...Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org....
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TL;DR: A gap analysis of the current IoT landscape aims to highlight the deficiencies of today's solutions to improve their integration to tomorrow's ecosystems and concludes with a list of recommendations for extending these IoT platforms in order to fill in the gaps.
380 citations
Cites background from "M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issu..."
...support. By contrast, SaaS focuses on the mashup of data using cloud computing capabilities. We added an additional Machine-to-Machine (M2M) tag if the platform targets primarily this part of the IoT [6]. The type of architecture is shown in the Column c). While the independent deployments are usually centrally controlled (see Figure 1b), the decentralized deployments (LinkSmartTM [Platform 17] or Op...
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TL;DR: This paper comprehensively survey the body of existing research on I-IoT, and proposes a three-dimensional framework to explore the existing research space and investigate the adoption of some representative networking technologies, including 5G, machine-to-machine communication, and software-defined networking.
Abstract: The vision of Industry 4.0, otherwise known as the fourth industrial revolution, is the integration of massively deployed smart computing and network technologies in industrial production and manufacturing settings for the purposes of automation, reliability, and control, implicating the development of an Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT). Specifically, I-IoT is devoted to adopting the IoT to enable the interconnection of anything, anywhere, and at any time in the manufacturing system context to improve the productivity, efficiency, safety, and intelligence. As an emerging technology, I-IoT has distinct properties and requirements that distinguish it from consumer IoT, including the unique types of smart devices incorporated, network technologies and quality-of-service requirements, and strict needs of command and control. To more clearly understand the complexities of I-IoT and its distinct needs and to present a unified assessment of the technology from a systems’ perspective, in this paper, we comprehensively survey the body of existing research on I-IoT. Particularly, we first present the I-IoT architecture, I-IoT applications (i.e., factory automation and process automation), and their characteristics. We then consider existing research efforts from the three key system aspects of control, networking, and computing. Regarding control, we first categorize industrial control systems and then present recent and relevant research efforts. Next, considering networking, we propose a three-dimensional framework to explore the existing research space and investigate the adoption of some representative networking technologies, including 5G, machine-to-machine communication, and software-defined networking. Similarly, concerning computing, we again propose a second three-dimensional framework that explores the problem space of computing in I-IoT and investigate the cloud, edge, and hybrid cloud and edge computing platforms. Finally, we outline particular challenges and future research needs in control, networking, and computing systems, as well as for the adoption of machine learning in an I-IoT context.
371 citations
References
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TL;DR: The concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics is described.
17,936 citations
01 Mar 2012
TL;DR: This document specifies the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which provides a mechanism whereby multipoint-to-point traffic from devices inside the LLN towards a central control point as well as point- to- multipoint traffic from the central control points to the devices insideThe LLN are supported.
Abstract: Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are a class of network in which
both the routers and their interconnect are constrained. LLN routers
typically operate with constraints on processing power, memory, and
energy (battery power). Their interconnects are characterized by high
loss rates, low data rates, and instability. LLNs are comprised of
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flows include point-to-point (between devices inside the LLN), point-
to-multipoint (from a central control point to a subset of devices
inside the LLN), and multipoint-to-point (from devices inside the LLN
towards a central control point). This document specifies the IPv6
Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which
provides a mechanism whereby multipoint-to-point traffic from devices
inside the LLN towards a central control point as well as point-to-
multipoint traffic from the central control point to the devices
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2,551 citations
01 Jun 2014
TL;DR: The Constrained Application Protocol is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks, designed for machine- to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation.
Abstract: The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web
transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained
(e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. The nodes often have 8-bit
microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, while constrained
networks such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
(6LoWPANs) often have high packet error rates and a typical throughput
of 10s of kbit/s. The protocol is designed for machine- to-machine
(M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation. CoAP
provides a request/response interaction model between application
endpoints, supports built-in discovery of services and resources, and
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2,412 citations
"M2M Service Platforms: Survey, Issu..." refers methods in this paper
...The IETF Constrained RESTful Environment (CoRE) working group has defined the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [79], which provides an application protocol to manipulate the resource of the constrained M2M devices networks and offers features for M2M applications, such as very low overheads, multicast support, and asynchronous message exchanges....
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TL;DR: The Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style is introduced, developed as an abstract model of the Web architecture and used to guide the redesign and definition of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Uniform Resource Identifiers.
Abstract: The World Wide Web has succeeded in large part because its software architecture has been designed to meet the needs of an Internet-scale distributed hypermedia application. The modern Web architecture emphasizes scalability of component interactions, generality of interfaces, independent deployment of components, and intermediary components to reduce interaction latency, enforce security, and encapsulate legacy systems. In this article we introduce the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style, developed as an abstract model of the Web architecture and used to guide our redesign and definition of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Uniform Resource Identifiers. We describe the software engineering principles guiding REST and the interaction constraints chosen to retain those principles, contrasting them to the constraints of other architectural styles. We then compare the abstract model to the currently deployed Web architecture in order to elicit mismatches between the existing protocols and the applications they are intended to support.
1,581 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A decentralized density control algorithm, Optimal Geographical Density Control (OGDC), is devised for density control in large scale sensor networks and can maintain coverage as well as connectivity, regardless of the relationship between the radio range and the sensing range.
Abstract: In this paper, we address the issues of maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity by keeping a minimum number of sensor nodes in the active mode in wireless sensor networks. We investigate the relationship between coverage and connectivity by solving the following two sub-problems. First, we prove that if the radio range is at least twice the sensing range, complete coverage of a convex area implies connectivity among the working set of nodes. Second, we derive, under the ideal case in which node density is sufficiently high, a set of optimality conditions under which a subset of working sensor nodes can be chosen for complete coverage. Based on the optimality conditions, we then devise a decentralized density control algorithm, Optimal Geographical Density Control (OGDC), for density control in large scale sensor networks. The OGDC algorithm is fully localized and can maintain coverage as well as connectivity, regardless of the relationship between the radio range and the sensing range. Ns-2 simulations show that OGDC outperforms existing density control algorithms [25, 26, 29] with respect to the number of working nodes needed and network lifetime (with up to 50% improvement), and achieves almost the same coverage as the algorithm with the best result.
1,559 citations