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Journal ArticleDOI

Machinability of natural fiber reinforced composites: a review

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive literature review on machining of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) is discussed with focus on drilling operation, which identifies the factors that affect the quality of the machined feature and provides general recommendations for the selection of process parameters.
Abstract: In the recent years with greater emphasis on the environmental and sustainability aspects of engineering materials, natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) are gaining more importance because of their numerous advantages. Several researchers have developed NFRCs using various natural fibers as well as matrix materials. However, real-world applications of NFRCs require some secondary operations in order to complete the assembly of the components or parts. Very few researchers have discussed issues related to the machinability of these NFRCs. In this paper, for the first time, a comprehensive literature review on machining of NFRCs is discussed with focus on drilling operation. The paper also reviews the studies on milling and turning of NFRCs. The distinct feature of this review is that it identifies the factors that affect the quality of the machined feature and provides general recommendations for the selection of process parameters so as to generate better quality holes during drilling. In addition, the review also discusses the challenges that hinder machining of NFRCs which is a significant contribution to the field of NFRCs.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the recent decade, the growth of the natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composite has made a considerable impact on the polymer composite research and innovation as mentioned in this paper, and this rapid growth warranted their properties over low-cost synthetic fiber composites and reduced environmental impacts.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interest in natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) is increasing rapidly thanks to their numerous advantages such as low cost, biodegradability, eco-friendly nature, relatively good mechanical properties as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Interest in natural fiber–reinforced composites (NFRCs) is increasing rapidly thanks to their numerous advantages such as low cost, biodegradability, eco-friendly nature, relatively good mechanical...

184 citations


Cites background from "Machinability of natural fiber rein..."

  • ...The performance of the machined parts along with the cost of production is notably affected by the produced surface roughness.(141) In drilling, surface roughness is a very important quality as the mechanisms of creep, wear, fatigue, and corrosion depend on it and it also demonstrates the level of irregularity on circumferential walls of the drilled holes....

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  • ...In fact, minimum tool wear is an indicator of good surface quality of the drilled hole.(141) Tool wear during the drilling process can result in serious damages such as delamination, which has a substantial economic impact....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of printing layer thickness on technological properties of 3D-printed specimens fabricated from wood flour/PLA filaments having a diameter of 1.75mm was investigated.
Abstract: Effect of printing layer thickness on technological properties of 3D-printed specimens fabricated from wood flour/PLA filaments having a diameter of 1.75 mm was investigated. For this aim, four different printing layers, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm, were used in the production of the 3D-printed specimens. The water absorption of the specimens (28 days immersion in water) increased with increasing printing layer thickness while the thickness swelling decreased. The tensile and bending properties of the specimens significantly improved with decreasing printing layer thickness. The increase in the layer thickness caused bigger gaps, which increased the porosity in the cross section of the specimen. Higher porosity resulted in lower mechanical properties.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main problems in fiber-reinforced composite plastic machining were discussed in this review concerning the most recent research in this field and the unconventional and conventional machining processes were considered.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an up-to-date holistic review of the natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) is presented, which facilitates a clear understanding of the behavior of the composites along with the constituent materials.
Abstract: The increasing global environmental concerns and awareness of renewable green resources is continuously expanding the demand for eco-friendly, sustainable and biodegradable natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs). Natural fibres already occupy an important place in the composite industry due to their excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties. Natural fibres are biodegradable, biocompatible, eco-friendly and created from renewable resources. Therefore, they are extensively used in place of expensive and non-renewable synthetic fibres, such as glass fibre, carbon fibre and aramid fibre, in many applications. Additionally, the NFRCs are used in automobile, aerospace, personal protective clothing, sports and medical industries as alternatives to the petroleum-based materials. To that end, in the last few decades numerous studies have been carried out on the natural fibre reinforced composites to address the problems associated with the reinforcement fibres, polymer matrix materials and composite fabrication techniques in particular. There are still some drawbacks to the natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs)—for example, poor interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the polymer matrix, and poor mechanical properties of the NFRCs due to the hydrophilic nature of the natural fibres. An up-to-date holistic review facilitates a clear understanding of the behaviour of the composites along with the constituent materials. This article intends to review the research carried out on the natural fibre reinforced composites over the last few decades. Furthermore, up-to-date encyclopaedic information about the properties of the NFRCs, major challenges and potential measures to overcome those challenges along with their prospective applications have been exclusively illustrated in this review work. Natural fibres are created from plant, animal and mineral-based sources. The plant-based cellulosic natural fibres are more economical than those of the animal-based fibres. Besides, these pose no health issues, unlike mineral-based fibres. Hence, in this review, the NFRCs fabricated with the plant-based cellulosic fibres are the main focus.

73 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, water immersion tests were conducted by immersing specimens in a de-ionised water bath at 25 °C and 100 °C for different time durations.

1,298 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive literature review on composite laminates is presented, which summarizes an up-to-date progress in mechanical drilling of composite materials reported in the literature, including conventional drilling, grinding, vibration assisted twist drilling, and high speed drilling.

636 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a steam explosion technique was applied to extract bamboo fibers from raw bamboo trees and the experimental results showed that the bamboo fibers (bundles) had a sufficient specific strength, which is equivalent to that of conventional glass fibers.
Abstract: This paper presents the development of composites for ecological purposes (Eco-composites) using bamboo fibers and their basic mechanical properties. The steam explosion technique was applied to extract bamboo fibers from raw bamboo trees. The experimental results showed that the bamboo fibers (bundles) had a sufficient specific strength, which is equivalent to that of conventional glass fibers. The tensile strength and modulus of PP based composites using steam-exploded fibers increased about 15 and 30%, respectively, due to well impregnation and the reduction of the number of voids, compared to the composite using fibers that are mechanically extracted. The steam explosion technique is an effective method to extract bamboo fibers for reinforcing thermoplastics.

491 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, different manufacturing processes and their suitability for natural fibre composites, based on the materials, mechanical and thermal properties of the fibres and matrices are discussed in detail.
Abstract: Elevated environmental awareness of the general public in reducing carbon footprints and the use nonnaturally decomposed solid wastes has resulted in an increasing use of natural materials, biodegradable and recyclable polymers and their composites for a wide range of engineering applications. The properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are generally governed by the pre-treated process of fibre and the manufacturing process of the composites. These properties can be tailored for various types of applications by properly selecting suitable fibres, matrices, additives and production methods. Besides, due to the complexity of fibre structures, different mechanical performances of the composites are obtained even with the use of the same fibre types with different matrices. Some critical issues like poor wettability, poor bonding and degradation at the fibre/matrix interface (a hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and damage of the fibre during the manufacturing process are the main causes of the reduction of the composites’ strength. In this paper, different manufacturing processes and their suitability for natural fibre composites, based on the materials, mechanical and thermal properties of the fibres and matrices are discussed in detail.

486 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a literature survey on the machining of composite materials, more specifically on drilling of glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and assess the quality of the holes produced.

464 citations