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Journal ArticleDOI

Machine Tool 4.0 for the new era of manufacturing

Xun Xu1
22 Mar 2017-The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (Springer London)-Vol. 92, Iss: 5, pp 1893-1900
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe some of the key and desired characteristics of Machine Tool 4.0 such as Cyber-physical Machine Tools, vertically and horizontally integrated machine tools and more intelligent, autonomous and safer machine tools.
Abstract: The widespread use and continuous improvements of machine tools have had a significant impact on productivity in manufacturing industry ever since the Industrial Revolution. At the dawn of the new era of industrialization, the need to advance machine tools to a new level that accords to the concept of Industrie 4.0 has to be recognised and addressed. Muck like the different stages of industrialisation, machine tools have also gone through different stages of technological advancements, i.e., Machine Tool 1.0, Machine Tool 2.0 and Machine Tool 3.0. Industrie 4.0 pleads for a new generation of machines—Machine Tool 4.0. This paper describes some of the key and desired characteristics of Machine Tool 4.0 such as Cyber-physical Machine Tools, vertically and horizontally integrated machine tools and more intelligent, autonomous and safer machine tools.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper provides a comprehensive review of associated topics such as intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing and describes worldwide movements in intelligent manufacturing.

1,602 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The definition and state-of-the-art development outcomes of Digital Twin are summarized, and outstanding research issues of developing Digital Twins for smart manufacturing are identified.
Abstract: This paper reviews the recent development of Digital Twin technologies in manufacturing systems and processes, to analyze the connotation, application scenarios, and research issues of Digital Twin-driven smart manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0. To understand Digital Twin and its future potential in manufacturing, we summarized the definition and state-of-the-art development outcomes of Digital Twin. Existing technologies for developing a Digital Twin for smart manufacturing are reviewed under a Digital Twin reference model to systematize the development methodology for Digital Twin. Representative applications are reviewed with a focus on the alignment with the proposed reference model. Outstanding research issues of developing Digital Twins for smart manufacturing are identified at the end of the paper.

649 citations


Cites methods from "Machine Tool 4.0 for the new era of..."

  • ...9 shows the system architecture of the developed MTConnect-based CPMT. Real-time machining data were collected from the CNC controller and embedded sensors and communicated through to the Digital Twin via MTConnect standard....

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  • ...3 Digital Twin enabled Cyber-Physical Machine Tool Aiming at advancing legacy machine tools to Cyber-Physical Machine Tools (CPMT) [83], Liu et al....

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  • ...Aiming at advancing legacy machine tools to Cyber-Physical Machine Tools (CPMT) [83], Liu et al. [68] developed an MTConnect-based CPMT where the Digital Twin of the machine tool is a core component....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a new method for product design based on the digital twin approach, which places emphasis on the analysis of physical data rather than the virtual models and illustrates the application of the proposed DTPD method.
Abstract: With the advent of new generation information technologies in industry and product design, the big data-driven product design era has arrived. However, the big data-driven product design mainly pla...

638 citations


Cites background from "Machine Tool 4.0 for the new era of..."

  • ...Cyber space is defined as a networked space that consists of multiple interconnected cyber twins of critical objects (Lee, Bagheri, and Kao 2014; Liu and Xu 2017; Xu 2017)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study examines smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 using a conceptual framework and demonstrative scenarios that pertain to smart design, smart machining, smart control, smart monitoring, and smart scheduling.
Abstract: Information and communication technology is undergoing rapid development, and many disruptive technologies, such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, have emerged. These technologies are permeating the manufacturing industry and enable the fusion of physical and virtual worlds through cyber-physical systems (CPS), which mark the advent of the fourth stage of industrial production (i.e., Industry 4.0). The widespread application of CPS in manufacturing environments renders manufacturing systems increasingly smart. To advance research on the implementation of Industry 4.0, this study examines smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0. First, a conceptual framework of smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 is presented. Second, demonstrative scenarios that pertain to smart design, smart machining, smart control, smart monitoring, and smart scheduling, are presented. Key technologies and their possible applications to Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing systems are reviewed based on these demonstrative scenarios. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are identified and discussed.

558 citations


Cites background from "Machine Tool 4.0 for the new era of..."

  • ...0 as the next generation of machine tools has been introduced in machining sites [13]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work sets out to be a guide to the status of DT development and application in today’s academic and industrial environment by selecting 123 representative items together with 22 supplementary works to address those two perspectives, while considering technical aspects as a fundamental.
Abstract: With the rapid advancement of cyber-physical systems, Digital Twin (DT) is gaining ever-increasing attention owing to its great capabilities to realize Industry 4.0. Enterprises from different fields are taking advantage of its ability to simulate real-time working conditions and perform intelligent decision-making, where a cost-effective solution can be readily delivered to meet individual stakeholder demands. As a hot topic, many approaches have been designed and implemented to date. However, most approaches today lack a comprehensive review to examine DT benefits by considering both engineering product lifecycle management and business innovation as a whole. To fill this gap, this work conducts a state-of-the art survey of DT by selecting 123 representative items together with 22 supplementary works to address those two perspectives, while considering technical aspects as a fundamental. The systematic review further identifies eight future perspectives for DT, including modular DT, modeling consistency and accuracy, incorporation of Big Data analytics in DT models, DT simulation improvements, VR integration into DT, expansion of DT domains, efficient mapping of cyber-physical data and cloud/edge computing integration. This work sets out to be a guide to the status of DT development and application in today’s academic and industrial environment.

310 citations

References
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Book
14 Feb 2002
TL;DR: The underlying mathematics and the wide trail strategy as the basic design idea are explained in detail and the basics of differential and linear cryptanalysis are reworked.
Abstract: 1. The Advanced Encryption Standard Process.- 2. Preliminaries.- 3. Specification of Rijndael.- 4. Implementation Aspects.- 5. Design Philosophy.- 6. The Data Encryption Standard.- 7. Correlation Matrices.- 8. Difference Propagation.- 9. The Wide Trail Strategy.- 10. Cryptanalysis.- 11. Related Block Ciphers.- Appendices.- A. Propagation Analysis in Galois Fields.- A.1.1 Difference Propagation.- A.l.2 Correlation.- A. 1.4 Functions that are Linear over GF(2).- A.2.1 Difference Propagation.- A.2.2 Correlation.- A.2.4 Functions that are Linear over GF(2).- A.3.3 Dual Bases.- A.4.2 Relationship Between Trace Patterns and Selection Patterns.- A.4.4 Illustration.- A.5 Rijndael-GF.- B. Trail Clustering.- B.1 Transformations with Maximum Branch Number.- B.2 Bounds for Two Rounds.- B.2.1 Difference Propagation.- B.2.2 Correlation.- B.3 Bounds for Four Rounds.- B.4 Two Case Studies.- B.4.1 Differential Trails.- B.4.2 Linear Trails.- C. Substitution Tables.- C.1 SRD.- C.2 Other Tables.- C.2.1 xtime.- C.2.2 Round Constants.- D. Test Vectors.- D.1 KeyExpansion.- D.2 Rijndael(128,128).- D.3 Other Block Lengths and Key Lengths.- E. Reference Code.

3,444 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A unified 5-level architecture is proposed as a guideline for implementation of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and synchronized between the physical factory floor and the cyber computational space.
Abstract: Recent advances in manufacturing industry has paved way for a systematical deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and synchronized between the physical factory floor and the cyber computational space. Moreover, by utilizing advanced information analytics, networked machines will be able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently. Such trend is transforming manufacturing industry to the next generation, namely Industry 4.0. At this early development phase, there is an urgent need for a clear definition of CPS. In this paper, a unified 5-level architecture is proposed as a guideline for implementation of CPS.

3,370 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient algorithm that preprocesses the exponentiation of a random residue modulo p is presented, which improves the ElGamal signature scheme in the speed of the procedures for the generation and the verification of signatures and also in the bit length of signatures.
Abstract: We present a new public-key signature scheme and a corresponding authentication scheme that are based on discrete logarithms in a subgroup of units in ? p where p is a sufficiently large prime, e.g., p ? 2512. A key idea is to use for the base of the discrete logarithm an integer ? in ? p such that the order of ? is a sufficiently large prime q, e.g., q ? 2140. In this way we improve the ElGamal signature scheme in the speed of the procedures for the generation and the verification of signatures and also in the bit length of signatures. We present an efficient algorithm that preprocesses the exponentiation of a random residue modulo p.

2,869 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This volume is the authoritative guide to the Rijndael algorithm and AES and professionals, researchers, and students active or interested in data encryption will find it a valuable source of information and reference.
Abstract: From the Publisher: In October 2000, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology selected the block cipher Rijndael as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES is expected to gradually replace the present Data Encryption Standard (DES) as the most widely applied data encryption technology.|This book by the designers of the block cipher presents Rijndael from scratch. The underlying mathematics and the wide trail strategy as the basic design idea are explained in detail and the basics of differential and linear cryptanalysis are reworked. Subsequent chapters review all known attacks against the Rijndael structure and deal with implementation and optimization issues. Finally, other ciphers related to Rijndael are presented.|This volume is THE authoritative guide to the Rijndael algorithm and AES. Professionals, researchers, and students active or interested in data encryption will find it a valuable source of information and reference.

2,140 citations